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天然物的分离,首先将试料选用合适的溶剂进行提取,然后采用吸附、层析、蒸馏、重结晶等方法。而通常在这些分离操作之前,或者与这些分离方法配合起来,用各种溶剂进行提取,尽可能地除去杂质,把所需成份进行浓缩。提取是最基本的分离操作。所需成份的有效分离取决于提取方法和溶剂的选择。有时,提取方法适当,以后的操作就可省略;但如最初选择的溶剂不合适,即使本来容易分离的成份为了除去大量的杂质,就得化相当的工作量和时间,而且造成物质的损失。提取可以分二种情况:从天然物试料直接提取,或是将一次提取的提取物或者进行分离处理的部位再进行提取。天然试料从它的形态大致可分为固体(植物材料、菌体等),半固体(脏器匀浆等),溶液(培养滤液等)三种。在天然试料的直接提取中,从固体中提
Natural separation, the first sample selected appropriate solvent extraction, and then using adsorption, chromatography, distillation, recrystallization and other methods. Usually, before these separation operations, or in combination with these separation methods, extraction with various solvents is carried out to remove impurities as much as possible and the desired components are concentrated. Extraction is the most basic separation operation. The effective separation of the ingredients required depends on the extraction method and the choice of solvent. In some cases, the extraction method is appropriate and the operation can be omitted afterwards. However, if the solvent originally selected is not suitable, even a component that has been easily separated may have to be subjected to a considerable amount of work and time in order to remove a large amount of impurities and cause a material loss. Extraction can be divided into two kinds of cases: direct extraction from natural samples, or extraction of the extract once or the separation of the site and then extracted. Natural samples can be broadly divided into three types from solid materials (plant materials, bacteria, etc.), semi-solids (organ homogenates, etc.), and solutions (culture filtrates, etc.) In the direct extraction of natural samples, extracted from the solid