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每年,人类都将新合成数以千计的化学物质用于生产、生活,并最终排放到环境当中,其中,许多化学物质可能具有遗传毒性。如何对这些物质进行监测和评价是一项十分艰难而重要的工作。随着研究的深入,人们提出应用大分子(蛋白质、RNA、DNA)加合物来研究其遗传毒性,其中DNA加合物由于意义重大而成为多学科的研究热点。DNA加合物就是亲电性的化学物质或其代谢产物与生物体内的DNA共价相连形成的复合体,是DNA化学损伤最重要和最普遍的形式。DNA加合物形成后,一旦逃避了自身的修复,就可能成为致突变、致畸、致癌的启动因子。所以,DNA加合物既可以作为接触标志物,反映毒物在靶部位的效应剂量,又可以作为效应标志物,反映DNA的损伤程度。
Every year, humans synthesize thousands of newly synthesized chemicals for use in their production, live, and eventually into the environment, many of which may be genotoxic. How to monitor and evaluate these substances is a very difficult and important task. With the deepening of research, people propose using macromolecules (protein, RNA, DNA) adducts to study their genotoxicity. DNA adducts have become a multidisciplinary hotspot due to their great significance. DNA adducts are complexes formed by the covalent attachment of electrophilic chemicals or their metabolites to DNA in vivo and are the most important and prevalent forms of DNA chemical damage. DNA adduct formation, once escaped its own repair, it may become mutagenic, teratogenic, carcinogenic promoter. Therefore, DNA adducts can be used as contact markers, reflecting the toxic dose in the target site, but also can be used as an effect marker, reflecting the degree of DNA damage.