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本文试图论述广义热力学可用于土壤系统;经典热力学中的内能、焓可作为土壤潜在生产力大小最普遍的量度;耗散结构理论可解释土壤“活”的有序化转变和团粒结构的成因。还引用热力学原理说明水田垄作优于平作的机制;(1)水田垄作吸收日光能比平作多;(2)用耗散结构理论说明土垄中的毛管水能产生有序化运动,这对供给水稻养分起了很重要的作用;(3)应用线性热力学中广义力产生广义物质流,这对养分运输起到了作用。
This paper attempts to discuss that generalized thermodynamics can be applied to soil systems. The internal energy and enthalpy in classical thermodynamics can be regarded as the most common measure of soil potential productivity. Dissipative structure theory can explain the orderly transformation of soil “living” and the genesis of aggregate structure. The thermodynamic principle is also used to illustrate the mechanism that paddy field ridge is better than that of flat cropping system. (1) Paddy field can absorb more solar energy than flat cropland. (2) Dissipation structure theory shows that capillary water in soil ridge can produce orderly movement, Rice nutrient plays a very important role. (3) The generalized force of linear thermodynamics produces generalized material flow, which plays a role in nutrient transport.