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【摘要】回指成分与其先行成分之间是一种语义上的“共指”关系。照应是一种语义关系，是发话者通过语言手段来指代语篇中所涉及的实体、概念或事态，从而达到语言交际的目的。两者之间既存在区别也有着联系。
【关键词】回指；照应；对比研究
中图分类号：H0 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1009-914x（2014）08-01-01
1 Definition of Anaphora
The term Anaphora derives from an ancient Greek word， which refers to a linguistic phenomenon， that is， one linguistic expression （usually a brief one） is used to refer to the meaning of another linguistic expression in the same chapter （usually in the foregoing text， and occasionally in the following text ）. The former linguistic expression is called anaphora （being referred to）， and the latter one is called antecedent. The phenomenon of anaphora， a hot topic in linguistics， is most frequently discussed. It refers to the situation that the two words are semantically co-referential， that is， the anaphoric word and the antecedent have the same value or scope of the allegations.
2 Definition of Reference
Reference is a phenomenon that a linguistic unit indicates the previous unit or the significance of a language meaning. Reference， in broad sense， includes anaphora and cataphora. From an inner semantic point of view， reference that can be explained in the foregoing part of the text is called anaphora； while the one that can be explained in the following paragraphs is called cataphora.
Reference is the phenomenon that one constituent is used as the reference point of another one， to show the semantic relation with some grammatical means like pronouns. According to Halliday （1994）， there are two types of reference： endophora and exophora. The type getting resolution information of referent from text is called endophora，which can be further divided into anaphora（getting resolution information of referent from above text ） and cataphora （getting information from the ensuing text.）； getting information outside of text is exphora.
3 Relationship between Anaphora and Reference
There are two types of reference： endophora and exophora. And anaphora and cataphora are two types of endophora.
The relationship between the refferring expression and its antecedent is co-referential. And this relationship differs from the substitutional relationship. In the sentence： “John didn’t go to school yesterday. He went somewhere else with a friend.”， “He” and “John” are semantically co-referential. In the example： I bought a pencil box yesterday， and he bought one， too. “one” is used to substitute “a pencil box”， but it is not co-referential with the latter. As we can see， there are many “one”s in the above example， and they are all used to substitute “hammer” in the first sentence， to be exact， the clean hammer.
摘要：
1 Hallidy， M. A. K. An Introduction to Functional Grammar. London： Edward Arnold， 1994
2 Reinhart， T. The Syntax Domain of Anaphora. Cambridge： MIT Press， 1976
3高原. 照應词的认知分析. 北京： 外语教学与研究出版社， 2003
4王寅. 认知语言学. 上海： 上海外语教育出版社， 2006
【关键词】回指；照应；对比研究
中图分类号：H0 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1009-914x（2014）08-01-01
1 Definition of Anaphora
The term Anaphora derives from an ancient Greek word， which refers to a linguistic phenomenon， that is， one linguistic expression （usually a brief one） is used to refer to the meaning of another linguistic expression in the same chapter （usually in the foregoing text， and occasionally in the following text ）. The former linguistic expression is called anaphora （being referred to）， and the latter one is called antecedent. The phenomenon of anaphora， a hot topic in linguistics， is most frequently discussed. It refers to the situation that the two words are semantically co-referential， that is， the anaphoric word and the antecedent have the same value or scope of the allegations.
2 Definition of Reference
Reference is a phenomenon that a linguistic unit indicates the previous unit or the significance of a language meaning. Reference， in broad sense， includes anaphora and cataphora. From an inner semantic point of view， reference that can be explained in the foregoing part of the text is called anaphora； while the one that can be explained in the following paragraphs is called cataphora.
Reference is the phenomenon that one constituent is used as the reference point of another one， to show the semantic relation with some grammatical means like pronouns. According to Halliday （1994）， there are two types of reference： endophora and exophora. The type getting resolution information of referent from text is called endophora，which can be further divided into anaphora（getting resolution information of referent from above text ） and cataphora （getting information from the ensuing text.）； getting information outside of text is exphora.
3 Relationship between Anaphora and Reference
There are two types of reference： endophora and exophora. And anaphora and cataphora are two types of endophora.
The relationship between the refferring expression and its antecedent is co-referential. And this relationship differs from the substitutional relationship. In the sentence： “John didn’t go to school yesterday. He went somewhere else with a friend.”， “He” and “John” are semantically co-referential. In the example： I bought a pencil box yesterday， and he bought one， too. “one” is used to substitute “a pencil box”， but it is not co-referential with the latter. As we can see， there are many “one”s in the above example， and they are all used to substitute “hammer” in the first sentence， to be exact， the clean hammer.
摘要：
1 Hallidy， M. A. K. An Introduction to Functional Grammar. London： Edward Arnold， 1994
2 Reinhart， T. The Syntax Domain of Anaphora. Cambridge： MIT Press， 1976
3高原. 照應词的认知分析. 北京： 外语教学与研究出版社， 2003
4王寅. 认知语言学. 上海： 上海外语教育出版社， 2006