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导向机构是一般压力机、机床以及许多其他机械的重要组成部份,也是保证其工作稳定性和精度的主要构件之一。这种机构的型式很多,对于压力机来说,除了目前广泛应用的主柱导套(图1 a)、各种形式导轨(图1b、1c)外,还有齿轮齿条式、同步连杆式导向机构(图1d、le)等等。适当地选择设计导轨的结构形式和尺寸参数,可以保证压力机工作台位移时有足够的运动精度和在冲压(或挤压)时有良好的工作精度。但进一步提高其精度要求和在偏心载荷下保持精度的能力,就需要增大导向长度,采取中央导柱(如图1c),或附加齿轮齿条机构,或附加同步连杆机构,作为复合的导向。这样势必会增加整个导向装置的尺寸和复杂性,甚至会引起结构布置的困难和影响到整机的紧凑性。此外,对于大、中型结构,磨损后调整修复也比较复杂。
Guide mechanism is a general press, machine tools and many other important part of the machinery, but also to ensure the stability and accuracy of its work one of the main components. There are many types of this type of mechanism. For the press, in addition to the widely used main column guide (Figure 1a), various forms of rails (Figure 1b, 1c), there are rack and pinion, Type guide mechanism (Figure 1d, le) and so on. Appropriate choice of the design of the track structure and size parameters, to ensure that the press table displacement sufficient movement accuracy and in the stamping (or extrusion) have good working accuracy. However, to further improve its accuracy requirements and maintain its accuracy under eccentric load, it is necessary to increase the guide length by adopting a central guide post (as shown in Fig. 1c), an additional rack and pinion mechanism, or an additional synchronous link mechanism as a composite guide. This will inevitably increase the size and complexity of the entire guide, and even cause structural difficulties and affect the compactness of the machine. In addition, for large and medium-sized structure, adjust the wear and tear repair is more complicated.