西欧自10世纪末11世纪初起,在一些主要的城市中陆续出现了异端的踪迹,至12、13世纪,异端运动在城市中日渐活跃。打着宗教旗帜的中世纪城市异端运动,是新兴的以商人和手工业者为主的市民阶层冲破宗教禁锢、反对封建特权、争取自由和权利的斗争。 Since the late 10th and early 11th centuries in Western Europe, heresy has gradually appeared in some major cities. By the 12th and 13th centuries, the heresy has become increasingly active in the cities. The heist-up movement of medieval cities with religious banners is a new and emerging struggle by the urban strata of the masses of merchants and handicrafts to break the religious imprisonment, oppose feudal privileges, and fight for freedom and rights.