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本文以海权论、海军战略为视角,分析了由于中国明清两朝和欧洲各国在治国思想、经济格局、外部环境、国家能力上的不同,因此中国在近代化的过程中,在海洋意识、海军战略、海军建设的发展上出现了许多不足,其表现为:海防思想以陆权思维为根,以技术提高为主;高度集权的海军战略决策机制,决策者缺乏海权思维和海战经验;海军战略以“防”为主,忽视海军的机动性和进攻性;海军部署上分而治之缺乏合作;由于缺少得益于海洋的阶层的持续推进和海军战略局限于战时战略的特点,决策缺乏连贯性。
From the perspective of sea power theory and naval strategy, this paper analyzes the differences between the Ming and Qing Dynasties in China and the European countries in the ideology of governing the country, the economic structure, the external environment and the national capabilities. Therefore, in the process of modernization, There are many shortcomings in the development of the naval strategy and the naval construction. The manifestations are as follows: the thought of coastal defense takes the thinking of land rights as the root and the technology as the mainstay; the highly centralized naval strategic decision-making mechanism, the lack of sea power thinking and naval battle experience of decision makers The Navy’s strategy focused on “prevention” and neglected the flexibility and offensive nature of the Navy; the Navy’s lack of cooperation on the division and governance of the Navy; and due to the continuous promotion of the marine-derived sectors and the limitation of naval strategy to wartime strategies, Lack of coherence in decision making.