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2型糖尿病已经成为严重危害人类健康的全球性疾病，但这并不能完全归因于人类基因组及饮食习惯、生活方式的改变，肠道菌群在糖尿病的发生、发展中也发挥着重要作用。肠道菌群与宿主代谢及免疫之间有着复杂的双向作用，肠道菌群的改变可以导致肥胖、胰岛素抵抗、代谢性内毒素血症、肠道渗透压改变，从而促进糖尿病的发生、发展。而双歧杆菌属作为肠道菌群中一种主要的益生菌，在2型糖尿病的发生、发展中所起的作用不容小视。“,”Type 2 diabetes has become a global disease endangering human health seriously. Various studies have shown that this phenomenon could not be completely attributed to the changes in the human genome,nutritional habits,and lifestyle,since the intestinal flora also plays an important role. The gut micro-flora has complex and bidirectional relationship with host metabolism and immune function,altered gut micro-flora cause increased adiposity,insulin resistance,metabolic endotoxemia,and intestinal permeability,which then promotes the occurrence and development of type 2 diabetes. As one of the major probiotics,bifidobacte-rium is of great importance in the development of type 2 diabetes.