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[背景]工业空气污染是一种公共卫生危害。以前的证据表明,在意大利最大的纤维板生产区(Viadana)工厂附近生活的儿童中呼吸道症状和住院率升高。[目的]随机选取住在Viadana附近的儿童(6~12岁),评估户外甲醛和二氧化氮(NO2)暴露与口腔黏膜细胞中早期遗传毒性损伤标志物之间的关联。[方法]在2010—2011年,用彗星和微核实验分别评价口腔脱落细胞中的DNA链断裂和核异常,并用被动采样监测甲醛和NO2。通过空间插值法将每年的污染物暴露估计值分配到每个孩子的住所。[结果]在656名儿童中,有413名(63%)参加了研究。住在纤维板厂附近(<2 km)的孩子的甲醛和NO2暴露平均水平最高(P<0.001)。甲醛水平每增加1个标准差(0.20μg/m3)与彗尾强度升高0.13%(95%CI:0.03~0.22)、尾矩升高0.007(95%CI:0.001~0.012)和核芽相对增加12%[相对危险度(RR)=1.12;95%CI:1.02~1.23]有关联。NO2水平每增加一个标准差(2.13μg/m3)与双核细胞增加0.13%(95%CI:0.07~0.19)和核芽相对增加16%(RR=1.16,95%CI:1.06~1.26)有关联。[结论]在纤维板生产区域附近生活的儿童,其污染物暴露与口腔脱落细胞遗传毒性的标志物有关联。将这些研究结果与先前报道的纤维板生产活动与儿童呼吸系统结局间的关联相结合,加剧了人们对Viadana地区企业生产相关暴露所致潜在不利健康影响的担忧。
[Background] Industrial air pollution is a public health hazard. Previous evidence shows that respiratory symptoms and hospitalization rates have risen in children living near the largest plant in Italy’s Viadana district. [Objectives] To evaluate the association between outdoor formaldehyde and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) exposure and markers of early genotoxicity in oral mucosal cells at random in children aged 6-12 years old living in Viadana. [Method] DNA strand breaks and nuclear abnormalities in oral exfoliated cells were evaluated respectively by comet and micronucleus test from 2010 to 2011, and formaldehyde and NO2 were monitored by passive sampling. Estimates of annual pollutant exposure are assigned to each child’s residence by spatial interpolation. [Results] Of the 656 children, 413 (63%) participated in the study. Children who lived near the fibreboard mill (<2 km) had the highest average formaldehyde and NO2 exposure (P <0.001). For each additional 1 standard deviation (0.20 μg / m3) for formaldehyde and 0.13% (95% CI: 0.03-0.22) for tail strength, the tail moment increased 0.007 (95% CI: 0.001-0.012) An increase of 12% [relative risk (RR) = 1.12; 95% CI: 1.02 to 1.23]. A standard deviation of 2.13 μg / m3 for NO2 level was associated with an increase of 0.13% (95% CI: 0.07-0.19) for binucleate cells and a 16% relative increase in nuclear buds (RR = 1.16, 95% CI: 1.06-1.26) . [Conclusion] The exposure of pollutants in children living near the production area of fibreboard is related to the markers of genotoxicity in oral exfoliated cells. Combining these findings with the previously reported association between fibrin production and childhood respiratory outcomes exacerbates concerns about the potential adverse health effects of business-related exposure in the Viadana region.