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民主集中制最早是由德国人冯·施威策尔于1868年10月提出的。列宁第一次把民主集中制上升为无产阶级政党的组织原则,他关于民主集中制的思想主要来源于与德国社会民主党领袖卢森堡的争论以及俄国社会民主工党内部孟什维克和布尔什维克两大派别之间的争论。第三国际的成立为民主集中制传入中国提供了渠道,毛泽东根据中国革命和建设实践提出了具有中国特色的民主集中制理论。随着中国改革开放历程的不断深化,社会主义建设面临全新的政治环境,在此背景下,邓小平对民主集中制理论进行了丰富和发展。党的十八大召开以来,习近平同志高度重视民主集中制建设,把它上升到作为国家治理体系和治理能力现代化重要组成部分的高度,并对其的健康运行提出了新的要求。
Democratic centralism was first proposed by the German von Schweitzer in October 1868. For the first time, Lenin raised the principle of democratic centralism as the organizing principle of proletarian political parties. His idea of democratic centralism stems mainly from the controversy with the German Social Democratic leader, Luxembourg, and between the two major factions within the Social-Democratic Labor Party of the Mensheviks and the Bolsheviks debate. The establishment of the Third International provided a channel for the introduction of democratic centralism into China. Mao Zedong put forward the theory of democratic centralism with Chinese characteristics according to the Chinese revolution and construction practice. With the continuous deepening of China’s reform and opening up, socialist construction faces a completely new political environment. Against this background, Deng Xiaoping enriched and developed the theory of democratic centralism. Since the 18th CPC National Congress, Comrade Xi Jinping has attached great importance to the construction of democratic centralism and has risen to the height of being an important part of the state governance system and the modernization of governance capacity and has set new demands on its healthy operation.