霍乱是由霍乱弧菌引起的一种烈性肠道传染病,以急性剧烈腹泻为主要症状。人类历史上已经有7次世界性的霍乱大流行,均由O1群霍乱弧菌引起:前六次由古典生物型引起;1961年开始的第7次世界大流行由埃尔托型菌株引起,至今已有40余年仍无停歇的迹象。文中就90年代以来霍乱的流行病学和分子流行病学做如下综述。 Cholera is a potent intestinal infectious disease caused by Vibrio cholerae, with acute and severe diarrhea as the main symptom. There have been seven world-wide cholera epidemic in human history, all caused by O1 group Vibrio cholerae: the first six were caused by classical biotypes; the seventh World Pandemic started in 1961 was caused by El Toro strains, It has been more than 40 years there is no sign of stopping. The article summarizes the epidemiology and molecular epidemiology of cholera since the 1990s.