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[目的]描述汽车制造男性作业工人多部位工作相关肌肉骨骼疾患(WMSDs)发生特征及其职业相关性。[方法]采用职业流行病学横断面与回顾性调查方法,选择北欧标准化肌肉骨骼症状调查表(NMQ)疼痛问卷对某汽车制造企业1 494名男性作业工人的WMSDs、发生部位及其发生风险进行了评估。[结果]WMSDs阳性率28.51%,主要发生在下背/腰、颈、肩、手腕和小腿。同时发生多部位WMSDs的阳性率为18.53%,各车间同时发生2部位和≥5部位WMSDs的阳性率的差异具有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。9项指标变量(年龄、身高、体重、体质指数、文化程度、运动、吸烟、饮酒和工龄)的分层分析中,年龄和工龄两项指标WMSDs的发生风险(OR值)具有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01),且有随其增加而增加的趋势。高中比大学文化程度者更易同时发生3部位和≥5部位WMSDs(P<0.05)。各车间作业工人WMSDs发生部位各有不同,冲压车间以下背/腰、颈和肩部为主,焊装车间以颈、下背/腰、手腕和肩部为主,树脂车间以颈、小腿、踝、肩和下背/腰为主,涂装车间以下背/腰、颈部为主,总装车间以下背/腰、颈、肩和手腕为主。以同时发生2部位WMSDs为例,冲压车间主要为颈与下背/腰;总装车间主要为颈和其他、下背/腰和其他、手腕和其他;焊装车间主要为手腕和其他、肩和其他、大腿和小腿;树脂车间为肩和小腿。[结论]汽车制造工人WMSDs主要发生在下背/腰、颈、肩、手腕和小腿,不同车间作业工人WMSDs发生部位各有不同,汽车总装、冲压和涂装作业工人均以下背/腰部阳性率为最高,而焊装和树脂作业工人均以颈部阳性率为最高。同时发生多部位WMSDs可能与工人的作业活动类型相关,多部位WMSDs发生风险有随年龄和工龄增加而增加的趋势,高中比大学学历者更易同时发生多部位WMSDs。
[Objective] To describe the characteristics of occupational musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) associated with occupational occupational injuries among men working in motor vehicles. [Methods] The occupational epidemiological cross-sectional and retrospective survey methods were used to select the Nordic standardized musculoskeletal symptoms questionnaire (NMQ) pain questionnaire for the occurrence location and risk of WMSDs among 1 494 male workers in an automobile manufacturing enterprise Evaluation. [Results] The positive rate of WMSDs was 28.51%, mainly in the lower back / waist, neck, shoulders, wrists and calves. The positive rate of multi-site WMSDs was 18.53% at the same time. The positive rate of WMSDs between 2 sites and 5 sites was statistically significant (all P <0.05). In the stratified analysis of 9 index variables (age, height, weight, body mass index, education level, exercise, smoking, drinking and length of service), the odds of occurrence of WMSDs with age and length of service were statistically significant P <0.05 or P <0.01), and with the increase of the trend. High school students were more likely to have 3 WMSDs and ≥ 5 WMSDs at the same time (P <0.05). WMSDs of workshop workers occupy different positions, and the following back / waist, neck and shoulders are the main parts of the press shop. The main welding shop is mainly neck, lower back / waist, wrist and shoulder. Ankles, shoulders and lower back / waist-based paint shop following the following back / waist, neck, the assembly shop below the back / waist, neck, shoulders and wrists. For example, two WMSDs take place at the same time. The main press shop is neck and lower back / waist. The main assembly shop is neck and other, lower back / waist and other, wrists and others. The welding shop is mainly for wrist and others, Other, thigh and calf; resin workshop for shoulder and calf. [Conclusion] WMSDs mainly occurred in the lower back / waist, neck, shoulders, wrists and lower legs of WMSDs. The WMSDs of different workshop workers had different positions, and the positive rate of back / waist of the workers in assembly, stamping and painting was The highest, while welding and resin workers are the highest positive rate of the neck. The occurrence of multi-site WMSDs at the same time may be related to the type of homework activity. The risk of multi-site WMSDs tends to increase with the increase of age and seniority.