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目的了解黔西南州突发公共卫生事件的流行病学特征,为突发公共卫生事件预防控制工作提供依据。方法应用描述流行病学方法对黔西南州2005—2011年突发公共卫生事件发生信息数据、资料进行统计分析。结果 2005—2011年黔西南州共报告各类突发公共卫生事件178起,发病或中毒人数7 865人,死亡35人,病死率为0.45%。事件类型以传染病疫情为主,占报告事件总数的75.28%,占发病或中毒总人数的78.39%。幼托机构和学校是突发公共卫生事件的高发场所,占报告事件总数的70.22%和发病或中毒总人数的82.21%。事件好发于4—6月及10—12月。结论黔西南州突发公共卫生事件预防控制形势严峻,学校是预防控制突发公共卫生事件的重点,应加强突发公共卫生事件应急体系的建设,建立应急保障机制,设立应急专项经费,加强人员培训,并定期演练,以提高突发公共卫生事件的应急处置能力。
Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of public health emergencies in Qianxinan Prefecture and provide basis for the prevention and control of public health emergencies. Methods A descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze the data and data of public health emergency occurrence in Qianxinan Prefecture from 2005 to 2011. Results A total of 178 public health incidents of all kinds were reported in Qianxinan Prefecture from 2005 to 2011, with 7 865 cases or 35 poisoning cases and 35 fatal cases. The case fatality rate was 0.45%. The type of incidents was mainly epidemic of infectious diseases, accounting for 75.28% of the total reported incidents, accounting for 78.39% of the total number of incidents or poisonings. Kindergartens and schools are high incidence of public health emergencies, accounting for 70.22% of the total number of reported incidents and 82.21% of the total number of people who have been infected or poisoned. The incident occurred in April-June and October-December. Conclusion The prevention and control of public health emergencies in Qianxinan prefecture is serious. The school is the focal point of prevention and control of public health emergencies. It is necessary to strengthen the emergency response system for public health emergencies, set up an emergency safeguard mechanism, set up emergency special funds and strengthen personnel Training, and regular exercise to improve emergency response capacity for public health emergencies.