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研究目标:分析收入差距与社会资本及其交互作用对居民贫困的影响,并探讨两者的影响机制。研究方法:构建Logit等计量模型,并采用三阶段最小二乘法(3SLS)与工具变量法(IV Probit)进行稳健性检验。研究发现:在社区层面上,收入差距导致了教育与财政资源在区县间的配置不均等,阻碍了医疗保险制度的发展以及产业结构的提升,进而提高了居民的贫困发生率;在个体层面上,收入差距降低了居民对教育资源的可及性,恶化了居民的健康水平,从而导致居民进入贫困状态。社会资本能够降低居民发生贫困的概率,同时也能够缓解收入差距对居民贫困的不利影响;提升就业能力与收入水平、增加教育与医疗投资、改善社会经济地位、强化融资能力等是社会资本缓解贫困的主要渠道与机制。研究创新:采用具有代表性的中国家庭追踪调查数据,研究收入差距与社会资本对居民贫困的作用机制,指出社会资本是缓冲收入差距对居民贫困不利影响的重要保障。研究价值:为相关理论研究提供更多的经验证据和路径解释;在实践中,对减贫、防贫具有指导意义。
Research Objectives: To analyze the impact of income disparity, social capital and their interaction on residents’ poverty, and to explore the impact mechanism of the two. Research Methods: The Logit and other metrological models were constructed, and the robustness test was conducted by three-stage least squares (3SLS) and IV Probit. The study finds that at the community level, the income gap leads to unequal distribution of education and financial resources among districts and counties, hinders the development of the medical insurance system and the upgrading of industrial structure, and thus increases the incidence of poverty among residents. At the individual level On the income gap has reduced residents access to educational resources, deteriorating the health of residents, resulting in residents into poverty. Social capital can reduce the probability of population poverty and at the same time it can alleviate the negative impact of income gap on residents’ poverty; enhance employment ability and income level, increase investment in education and health care, improve social and economic status, strengthen financing ability, etc. The main channels and mechanisms. Research and Innovation: Using representative Chinese family-based survey data to study the mechanism of income disparity and social capital on residents ’poverty, and pointing out that social capital is an important guarantee for alleviating the adverse effects of income disparity on residents’ poverty. Research value: Provide more empirical evidence and path explanation for related theoretical research; in practice, it is instructive to reduce poverty and prevent poverty.