论文部分内容阅读
A new poverty alleviation target was an- nounced by China at the Global Poverty Reduction and Development Forum held in Beijing on October 16.
China will lift its 70 million people in poverty out of dire straits in the coming six years， said President Xi Jinping. That is equivalent to reducing the number of impoverished people by 11.7 million annually， or 1 million per month.
China will invest more in poverty alleviation work and formulate more policies to benefit people living under the poverty line， he said.
In the past three decades， China has moved more than 600 million people out of poverty.
As of 2015， the UN’s Millennium Development Goals （MDGs） have been essentially achieved in China. China is the first developing country to meet the target of halving extreme poverty ahead of the 2015 deadline.
Targeted assistance
According to official statistics， China still had 70.17 million people living below the country’s poverty line of 2，300 yuan （$363） in annual income at the end of 2014.
The World Bank on October 4 announced a new international poverty line of$1.9 per day， replacing the previous $1.25-a- day threshold. Under the revised standard， the number of destitute people in China is expected to swell.
In order to improve the effectiveness of poverty reduction efforts， China has recently abandoned the “one-size-fits-all” approach and instead paid more attention to precisely identifying impoverished households and regions and assisting them with measures fitting their specific conditions.
During a visit to Hunan Province in November 2013， Xi said that helping poor farming households to improve agricultural production should be a focus of poverty relief.
Zhao Zhenlong， a resident of Huaishuzhuang Village in Lincheng County， north China’s Hebei Province， used to be poor. In the village located in the Taihang Mountains， villagers could make little from farming.
His life has changed with the help from Luling Co.， a local enterprise that specializes in walnut production and processing. Technicians from Luling Co. have helped Zhao grow 27 hectares of high-quality thin-shell walnut trees， which have now matured. In 2014， his family made more than 100，000 yuan （$15，770）， of which 90 percent was from walnut sales.
Zhao’s success has inspired other farmers in Huaishuzhuang. Under the initiation of Luling Co.， a batch of thin-shell walnut production cooperatives has been set up. Villagers lease their land to the cooperatives and labor there as contract workers. The company supplies seedlings and provides free technical support to the cooperatives. “Our company has purchased organic fertilizers， plastic film and other agricultural supplies for farmers at prices about 15-percent lower than market prices， saving farmers working for us an aggregate total of about 6 million yuan （$945，600） in the past 10 plus years，” said Zhang Kang， head of the general office of Luling Co.
Also in Lincheng， some other farmers have become rich from apple production and trading. Of them， Wei Guisheng， a resident of Zhaozhuang Township， rented 4.7 hectares of land to grow apple trees in 2006. Because of his inexperience， the trees did not fare very well.
Upon learning of this， technicians from the county’s forestry bureau offered him help. Four years later， Wei began to profit from his apple trees. Now， the trees are in peak fruit-bearing stage. This year， he is expected to harvest 210 tons of apples， which will fetch a total revenue of more than 700，000 yuan （$110，320）.
Effective measures
“To lift 70 million impoverished people out of poverty by 2020， concerned local governments should adopt much more targeted measures，”Liu Yongfu， Director of the State Council Leading Group Office of Poverty Alleviation and Development， told Beijing Review.
According to him， officials at various levels have been sent to poverty-stricken regions to learn about impoverished households’ conditions and assist them accordingly. So far， 30 million poor households in 128，000 poor villages across the country have been identified eligible for government aid. Each of these villages has had a government-backed work group responsible for its development programs and each of the im- poverished households has been paired up with an official for poverty relief assistance.
China has also launched a number of initiatives to improve poverty-stricken regions and households’ access to roads， safe drinking water， electricity， education， healthcare and the Internet； to renovate dilapidated houses； to develop specialty industries and rural tourism； as well as to build cultural facilities. In the process， the government has also reformed the poverty alleviation mechanism. Procedures and criteria to assess and restrict poverty-stricken counties have been set up， and new financing channels for poverty relief programs have been opened.
Since 2014， October 17， which marks International Day for the Eradication of Poverty， has also been designated as China’s National Poverty Relief Day in hopes of mobilizing more support and broader public participation. Liu said that in 2013 and 2014， more than 10 million people were lifted out of poverty each year. Poverty-stricken regions saw continuous improvement in local infrastructure， social development and income growth.
Despite the progress， many hard nuts remain to be cracked.
He said that poverty data should be collected and analyzed so that relevant departments can explicitly identify the causes of poverty and formulate relevant policies.
In 2014， a nationwide database recording the basic information of all the people living under China’s poverty line was already set up. Liu said that the database will help effectively channel resources to those in greatest need.
In addition， poverty alleviation policies should be connected with other social policies concerning basic living allowance， education and health； and poverty alleviation should be combined with the promotion of industrial de- velopment and ecological progress， Liu noted.
He also stressed that future poverty relief programs will employ more market-oriented approaches and give non-governmental organizations a bigger role to play.
Overseas assistance
Chinese people have historically valued friendship， responsibility and integrity， while helping the poor and being generous and kind run in Chinese tradition， Xi said at the Global Poverty Reduction and Development Forum.
In consistence with Xi’s remarks， China has announced a slew of new measures to help other developing countries grow their economy and improve people’s living standards.
While speaking at the UN Sustainable Development Summit in New York City on September 26， Xi announced that China will set up a South-South cooperation assistance fund， with an initial contribution of $2 billion， to support other developing countries to implement their post-2015 development agenda.
The president also pledged in the speech that China will do its best to raise its investment in the least developed countries to $12 billion by 2030. It will also exempt the debt of the outstanding intergovernmental interest-free loans due by the end of 2015 owed by the relevant least developed countries， landlocked developing countries and small island developing countries.
Xi said that in the next five years， China will carry out the “Six 100s” initiative， according to which it will make available to other developing countries in the next five years 100 poverty reduction programs， 100 agricultural cooperation projects， 100 trade promotion and aid programs， 100 environmental protection and climate change programs， 100 hospitals and clinics， and 100 schools and vocational training centers.
China will provide 120，000 training opportunities and 150，000 scholarships for citizens of other developing countries， and help nurture 500，000 professional technicians for the rest of the developing world. The country will set up the Academy of South-South Cooperation and Development and provide $2 million of aid in cash for the World Health Organization.
China will lift its 70 million people in poverty out of dire straits in the coming six years， said President Xi Jinping. That is equivalent to reducing the number of impoverished people by 11.7 million annually， or 1 million per month.
China will invest more in poverty alleviation work and formulate more policies to benefit people living under the poverty line， he said.
In the past three decades， China has moved more than 600 million people out of poverty.
As of 2015， the UN’s Millennium Development Goals （MDGs） have been essentially achieved in China. China is the first developing country to meet the target of halving extreme poverty ahead of the 2015 deadline.
Targeted assistance
According to official statistics， China still had 70.17 million people living below the country’s poverty line of 2，300 yuan （$363） in annual income at the end of 2014.
The World Bank on October 4 announced a new international poverty line of$1.9 per day， replacing the previous $1.25-a- day threshold. Under the revised standard， the number of destitute people in China is expected to swell.
In order to improve the effectiveness of poverty reduction efforts， China has recently abandoned the “one-size-fits-all” approach and instead paid more attention to precisely identifying impoverished households and regions and assisting them with measures fitting their specific conditions.
During a visit to Hunan Province in November 2013， Xi said that helping poor farming households to improve agricultural production should be a focus of poverty relief.
Zhao Zhenlong， a resident of Huaishuzhuang Village in Lincheng County， north China’s Hebei Province， used to be poor. In the village located in the Taihang Mountains， villagers could make little from farming.
His life has changed with the help from Luling Co.， a local enterprise that specializes in walnut production and processing. Technicians from Luling Co. have helped Zhao grow 27 hectares of high-quality thin-shell walnut trees， which have now matured. In 2014， his family made more than 100，000 yuan （$15，770）， of which 90 percent was from walnut sales.
Zhao’s success has inspired other farmers in Huaishuzhuang. Under the initiation of Luling Co.， a batch of thin-shell walnut production cooperatives has been set up. Villagers lease their land to the cooperatives and labor there as contract workers. The company supplies seedlings and provides free technical support to the cooperatives. “Our company has purchased organic fertilizers， plastic film and other agricultural supplies for farmers at prices about 15-percent lower than market prices， saving farmers working for us an aggregate total of about 6 million yuan （$945，600） in the past 10 plus years，” said Zhang Kang， head of the general office of Luling Co.
Also in Lincheng， some other farmers have become rich from apple production and trading. Of them， Wei Guisheng， a resident of Zhaozhuang Township， rented 4.7 hectares of land to grow apple trees in 2006. Because of his inexperience， the trees did not fare very well.
Upon learning of this， technicians from the county’s forestry bureau offered him help. Four years later， Wei began to profit from his apple trees. Now， the trees are in peak fruit-bearing stage. This year， he is expected to harvest 210 tons of apples， which will fetch a total revenue of more than 700，000 yuan （$110，320）.
Effective measures
“To lift 70 million impoverished people out of poverty by 2020， concerned local governments should adopt much more targeted measures，”Liu Yongfu， Director of the State Council Leading Group Office of Poverty Alleviation and Development， told Beijing Review.
According to him， officials at various levels have been sent to poverty-stricken regions to learn about impoverished households’ conditions and assist them accordingly. So far， 30 million poor households in 128，000 poor villages across the country have been identified eligible for government aid. Each of these villages has had a government-backed work group responsible for its development programs and each of the im- poverished households has been paired up with an official for poverty relief assistance.
China has also launched a number of initiatives to improve poverty-stricken regions and households’ access to roads， safe drinking water， electricity， education， healthcare and the Internet； to renovate dilapidated houses； to develop specialty industries and rural tourism； as well as to build cultural facilities. In the process， the government has also reformed the poverty alleviation mechanism. Procedures and criteria to assess and restrict poverty-stricken counties have been set up， and new financing channels for poverty relief programs have been opened.
Since 2014， October 17， which marks International Day for the Eradication of Poverty， has also been designated as China’s National Poverty Relief Day in hopes of mobilizing more support and broader public participation. Liu said that in 2013 and 2014， more than 10 million people were lifted out of poverty each year. Poverty-stricken regions saw continuous improvement in local infrastructure， social development and income growth.
Despite the progress， many hard nuts remain to be cracked.
He said that poverty data should be collected and analyzed so that relevant departments can explicitly identify the causes of poverty and formulate relevant policies.
In 2014， a nationwide database recording the basic information of all the people living under China’s poverty line was already set up. Liu said that the database will help effectively channel resources to those in greatest need.
In addition， poverty alleviation policies should be connected with other social policies concerning basic living allowance， education and health； and poverty alleviation should be combined with the promotion of industrial de- velopment and ecological progress， Liu noted.
He also stressed that future poverty relief programs will employ more market-oriented approaches and give non-governmental organizations a bigger role to play.
Overseas assistance
Chinese people have historically valued friendship， responsibility and integrity， while helping the poor and being generous and kind run in Chinese tradition， Xi said at the Global Poverty Reduction and Development Forum.
In consistence with Xi’s remarks， China has announced a slew of new measures to help other developing countries grow their economy and improve people’s living standards.
While speaking at the UN Sustainable Development Summit in New York City on September 26， Xi announced that China will set up a South-South cooperation assistance fund， with an initial contribution of $2 billion， to support other developing countries to implement their post-2015 development agenda.
The president also pledged in the speech that China will do its best to raise its investment in the least developed countries to $12 billion by 2030. It will also exempt the debt of the outstanding intergovernmental interest-free loans due by the end of 2015 owed by the relevant least developed countries， landlocked developing countries and small island developing countries.
Xi said that in the next five years， China will carry out the “Six 100s” initiative， according to which it will make available to other developing countries in the next five years 100 poverty reduction programs， 100 agricultural cooperation projects， 100 trade promotion and aid programs， 100 environmental protection and climate change programs， 100 hospitals and clinics， and 100 schools and vocational training centers.
China will provide 120，000 training opportunities and 150，000 scholarships for citizens of other developing countries， and help nurture 500，000 professional technicians for the rest of the developing world. The country will set up the Academy of South-South Cooperation and Development and provide $2 million of aid in cash for the World Health Organization.