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目的了解某市公立三甲医院重大疾病死因分布,为医院制定医疗护理策略提供参考。方法收集某三甲医院2010年-2014年住院及非住院死亡病例1763例,以重大疾病死亡顺位,年龄、性别分布及病种来源数据,采用统计描述、卡方检验等方法进行回顾性分析。结果循环系统疾病、疾病和死亡的外因、围产期相关疾病、呼吸系统疾病、肿瘤成为医院患者死亡的主要原因,上述5类疾病占到全部死亡比例的74.1%,住院患者男性病死率要明显高于女性(χ2=151.82,P<0.01),男性病死率为0.25%,女性病死率为0.13%。不同年龄段,死因构成不同(χ2=1252.85,P<0.01),0岁~1岁年龄段,围产期的相关疾病成为其主要死因;1岁~5岁,某些传染病和寄生虫病成为首要死因;5岁~45岁,疾病和死亡的外因成为首要死因;循环系统疾病在55岁以上医院患者中成为首要死因。结论某医院应重视和加强循环系统疾病、疾病和死亡的外因、围产期相关疾病的医疗与护理,降低病死率,提高医院的整体医疗水平。
Objective To understand the distribution of the major causes of death in a public hospital in the city and provide references for the hospital to formulate medical nursing strategies. Methods A total of 1763 hospitalized and non-hospitalized death cases in a top three hospital from 2010 to 2014 were collected. The data of deaths, age, gender distribution and disease source of major diseases were collected and analyzed retrospectively by statistical description and Chi-square test. Results Circulatory system diseases, external causes of diseases and deaths, perinatal-related diseases, respiratory diseases and tumors were the main causes of death in hospital patients. The above five diseases accounted for 74.1% of all deaths, and the mortality rate of male patients in hospital was significant Higher than female (χ2 = 151.82, P <0.01), male mortality was 0.25% and female mortality was 0.13%. The causes of death were different at different age groups (χ2 = 1252.85, P <0.01). In the 0-year-old age group, the related causes of perinatal period were the main causes of death. From 1 year old to 5 years old, some infectious and parasitic diseases Become the leading cause of death; 5 years old to 45 years old, the cause of death and illness as the leading cause of death; circulatory diseases in patients over the age of 55 to become the leading cause of death. Conclusion A hospital should attach importance to and strengthen the external causes of circulatory diseases, diseases and deaths, medical treatment and care of perinatal-related diseases, reduce the case fatality rate and improve the overall medical care of the hospital.