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目的了解某医院住院患者医院感染情况及其危险因素,为防控医院感染提供科学依据。方法采用横断面调查的方法,对某医院2015年1月5日00:00-24:00住院患者进行医院感染现患率调查与分析。结果实查患者1 077例,医院感染34例,现患率3.16%,医院感染发生率前三位的科室分别为综合楼ICU 58.33%、外科楼ICU 25.00%、呼吸内科18.18%。感染部位居前三位的为下呼吸道55.88%、泌尿系统8.82%、上呼吸道5.88%,使用抗菌药物治疗前病原学标本送检率为7.06%,抗菌药物使用率为31.66%。病原菌检出以革兰阴性菌为主,占60.53%。泌尿道插管、动静脉插管、使用呼吸机、气管切开、进行手术等是医院感染的危险因素。结论进行现患率调查,可及时发现医院感染危险因素,有针对性制定和实施干预措施,为进一步加强医院感染目标性监测提供科学依据。
Objective To understand the prevalence and risk factors of nosocomial infections in a hospital and provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of nosocomial infections. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted to investigate the prevalence of nosocomial infections in hospital from January 00, 2015 to January 00, 2015 at 00: 00-24: 00. Results There were 1 077 patients, 34 hospital infections and 3.16% prevalence rates. The top three departments of hospital infection were 58.33% in ICU, 25.00% in ICU in surgical building and 18.18% in respiratory medicine. The top three infected sites were 55.88% of the lower respiratory tract, 8.82% of the urinary system, and 5.88% of the upper respiratory tract. The rate of preopathic specimens used for antimicrobial treatment was 7.06% and the rate of antibacterials utilization was 31.66%. Gram-negative bacteria were detected in the pathogens, accounting for 60.53%. Urinary tract catheterization, arteriovenous intubation, the use of breathing machine, tracheotomy, surgery and other risk factors for nosocomial infections. Conclusions The current prevalence rate of investigation can be found in a timely manner to identify risk factors for hospital infection, targeted development and implementation of interventions, to further strengthen the target surveillance of hospital infection to provide a scientific basis.