According to the difference of selection criteria, methods of marker-assisted selection (MAS) of quantitative traits can be divided into genotype-based selection (GS) and genotypic value-based selection (GVS). By means of computer simulation, potentials of the two methods were compared. Results showed that the two methods had similar basic laws and their efficiencies were not significantly different except that GS behaved better in the case where the number of QTLs was large and QTL effects were equal. From the application point of view, combination of GS and GVS should be the development direction of MAS research in the future.