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目的为全面掌握巴州尘肺患病现状及其分布规律,加强对尘肺病的控制与管理。方法按照《全国尘肺病现状调查实施方案》对巴州1974~2004年来尘肺患病情况进行汇总与分析。结果截至2004年底,巴州的88%的尘肺病例集发于库尔勒、若羌和轮台三县(市)。煤工尘肺、石棉肺、矽肺、水泥尘肺是巴州的四种主要尘肺(86%),其平均发病工龄,矽肺为4.4年、煤工尘肺17.9年、水泥尘肺18.5年,均短于常见的发病工龄。四种尘肺平均死亡年龄为62.8岁,比1986年调查结果(56.0岁)延长6.8岁。矽肺、煤工尘肺病死率明显高于石棉肺和水泥尘肺,Ⅱ、Ⅲ期所占的比例是矽肺、煤工尘肺病死率高的主要原因。结论从历年的新增、现患和死亡比例统计结果看,近5年来巴州尘肺新增病例明显下降,这可能与多年来企业的改革、改制和用工制度的改变有关。根据尘肺病的发病特点,结合各接尘企业现有的劳动条件,巴州预防与控制尘肺病的任务仍将十分艰巨。
Objective To fully grasp the status and distribution of pneumoconiosis in Bavaria, strengthen the control and management of pneumoconiosis. Methods The pneumoconiosis prevalence in Bazhou from 1974 to 2004 was summarized and analyzed in accordance with the “Implementation Plan of National Pneumoconiosis Survey”. Results As of the end of 2004, 88% of pneumoconiosis cases in Bazhou were collected in Korla, Ruoqiang and Runcai counties (cities). Coal worker’s pneumoconiosis, asbestosis, silicosis and cement pneumoconiosis are the four main types of pneumoconiosis (86%) in Bazhou. The average length of service is 4. 4 years for silicosis, 17.9 years for coal workers’ pneumoconiosis and 18.5 years for cement pneumoconiosis, both of which are shorter than the common ones Age of onset. The average age of death for the four pneumoconiosis was 62.8 years, 6.8 years longer than the 1986 survey (56.0 years). Silicosis, coal workers pneumoconiosis mortality was significantly higher than asbestosis and cement pneumoconiosis, Ⅱ, Ⅲ period is the proportion of silicosis, coal workers pneumoconiosis mortality is the main reason. Conclusions From the statistic results of the proportion of newly increased, current and deaths in the past years, the number of new cases of pneumoconiosis in Bazhou decreased significantly in the past five years, which may be related to the reform of the enterprises over the years, the restructuring and the change of the employment system. According to the characteristics of the incidence of pneumoconiosis, combined with the existing working conditions of the dust-collecting enterprises, the task of preventing and controlling pneumoconiosis in Bazhou will remain arduous.