介绍了日本近畿铁道技术研究所开发研制的车轮踏面擦伤自动检测装置。论述了该装置的设计思想、检测方法、性能、结构及使用情况。该装置采用了检测钢轨振动加速度的方法来采集信号，对该信号进行数据处理，最后打印出擦伤车轮的所处位置及其它参数。该装置能在列车运行速度15～15km/h范围内进行检测。文中还简略地介绍了误差的校正方法及擦伤等级的判读等。该装置的特点是结构简单，测量精度高、造价低廉、安装容易。 The automatic test device for wheel tread abrasion developed by Japan Kinki Railway Technology Research Institute is introduced. The design concept, testing method, performance, structure and usage of the device are discussed. The device uses a method of detecting rail vibration acceleration to collect signals, data processing of the signal, and finally print the location of the scratched wheel and other parameters. The device can detect the train speed 15 ~ 15km / h. The article also briefly introduced the error correction method and the level of interpretation of the scratch. The device is characterized by simple structure, high measurement accuracy, low cost, easy to install.