一司马迁作《史记》,“欲以究天人之际,通古今之变”。究竟历史的意义何在?除了是个别人物和事件的记载外,历史还是什么?历史是否不外是无数历史现象的偶然的、杂乱无章的结合?还是历史背后有其规律、逻辑或隐藏着的目的?历史中充满苦难,也有光明,然而,我们过去的历史,是否可以作为我们对未来的希望的凭借?人类在其历史中有没有进步?这些都是历史哲 A Sima Qian as “Historical Records”, “To study the occasion of Heaven, ancient and modern change”. What is the significance of history? Apart from the records of individual figures and events, what is history? Is history just a mere chance, chaotic combination of innumerable historical phenomena, or is there any law behind, logic or hidden behind history? History is filled with suffering and light, yet can our past history be the basis for our hope for the future? Has mankind made any progress in its history? These are historical philosophies