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Father of Soccer
Ebenezer Cobb Morley drew up the Laws of the Game， the rules that govern soccer， in the 1860s. But a few of the original rule he suggested would have changed the sport greatly. Players would have been permitted to catch the ball and run with it， and defenders would have been allowed to “hold， trip or hack him.” Members of the Football Association ultimately voted against those two rules， though， and the beautiful game began to blossom.
Father of Surfing
He won three Olympic gold medals as a swimmer， but Duke Kahanamoku had a bigger impact on the sport of surfing. He travelled extensively to give swimming exhibitions， and he surfed as well， introducing the Hawaiian sport to a wider audience. In 1925， Duke used his board to rescue eight sailors whose boat had turned upside down in the water， ferrying them to shore.
Father of Basketball
James Naismith was born in Canada， but he was working as a physical education teacher in Springfield， Massachusetts， in 1891 when his boss gave him two weeks to come up with a game that could be played indoors in the winter. Naismith came up with basketball， basing it partly on a game he played as a youth called duck on a rock. In that game， a player uses a small stone to knock a larger one （the duck） off a tree stump that is being defended by the other team. While most players threw their stones at the duck， Naismith realized the benefit of lofting his stone over the defender—similar to a basketball shot. Naismith’s new game originally used peach baskets as goals. It caught on quickly： Basketball was a demonstration sport at the Olympics just 13 years after its invention.
Father of Baseball Umpires
For 37 years， Bill Klem was the most respected ump in the game. Nicknamed the Old Arbiter， Klem introduced the practice of using hand signals for balls and strikes. “That guy in a 25-cent bleacher seat is as much entitled to know a call as the guy in the boxes，” he said. Players and managers knew not to mess with Klem. The ump was famous for drawing a line in the dirt. Anyone who crossed it while arguing got tossed.
Father of Baseball
Journalist Henry Chadwick didn’t invent the national pastime， but no one did more to popularize it. In the 1850s， Chadwick began writing a well-known newspaper column， and he introduced the box score to his readers. He also came up with several stats， including batting average and ERA （Earned Run Average）. Chadwick is the only writer inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame. 足球之父
19世纪60年代，埃比尼泽·科步·莫莉制订了足球比赛的规则，这些规则严格规范着足球运动。而最初有一些规则的设定原本会对足球产生巨大的影响，如允许球员可以带球跑过人，防守一方则可以“抓、绊或踢对方球员”。然而足协委员最终投票否决了这两项规则，这项美好的运动才开始蓬勃发展。
篮球之父
詹姆斯·奈史密斯出生于加拿大，但却在美国马萨诸塞州斯普林菲尔德当体育老师。1891年，老板交给他一项任务：在两周之内想出一种游戏，要求是冬季可在室内进行的运动。奈史密斯想到了篮球，灵感部分源于小时候玩过的一种游戏，称作“打石鸭”。在这项游戏中，一方队员要用一个小石块击落树桩上的大石块（亦称“鸭”），而另一方队员则守卫着树桩让你击不中“鸭”。虽然大多数队员都能够成功地击中大石块，但奈史密斯发现，将石块抛向空中越过对方的防守——这个动作类似于投篮——更有运动价值。奈史密斯发明的这项新运动最初是用桃子篮作为投篮框的。这项运动很快就流行起来：篮球发明13年后成为奥运会的表演项目。
冲浪之父
杜克·卡哈那莫库是一名游泳健将，曾获得过3枚奥运会金牌，但他对冲浪运动的影响更为深远。杜克四处游历，举办游泳运动展览会。同时他也冲浪，将这项夏威夷运动推荐给了更多的观众。1925年，杜克用冲浪板营救了8名船翻落水的水手，将其载往岸边。
棒球之父
亨利·查德威克是一名记者，虽然他不是棒球运动的创始人，但在普及这项全民运动过程中，他所做出的贡献无人能出其右。19世纪50年代，查德威克开始为一个著名的报纸专栏供稿，引入棒球比赛个人得分表并将其推介给读者。同时，查德威克还提出了一些棒球计分方法，包括击球率和投手防守率。查德威克还是唯一入选棒球名人堂的作家。
棒球裁判之父
比爾·克兰姆是棒球界最受尊敬的裁判，执法赛场长达37年。克兰姆有个绰号叫“老裁判”。他在比赛中独创了一套手势，分别代表球势和击打动作。他说：“买25美分看台票的观众和坐包厢的观众具有同样的知情权。”棒球运动员和领队都知道克兰姆惹不起。他以在地上画线出名，纠纷中任何越线者都被直接判出局。
Vocabulary
govern v. 支配；控制；影响
permit v. 允许，许可；准许
blossom v. 成熟；繁荣；发展
impact n. 巨大影响；强大作用
extensively adv. 广泛地；广博地；广大地
defend v. 防守；保卫
benefit n. 优势；益处；成效
respected adj. 受尊敬的；受敬重的；受重视的
Ebenezer Cobb Morley drew up the Laws of the Game， the rules that govern soccer， in the 1860s. But a few of the original rule he suggested would have changed the sport greatly. Players would have been permitted to catch the ball and run with it， and defenders would have been allowed to “hold， trip or hack him.” Members of the Football Association ultimately voted against those two rules， though， and the beautiful game began to blossom.
Father of Surfing
He won three Olympic gold medals as a swimmer， but Duke Kahanamoku had a bigger impact on the sport of surfing. He travelled extensively to give swimming exhibitions， and he surfed as well， introducing the Hawaiian sport to a wider audience. In 1925， Duke used his board to rescue eight sailors whose boat had turned upside down in the water， ferrying them to shore.
Father of Basketball
James Naismith was born in Canada， but he was working as a physical education teacher in Springfield， Massachusetts， in 1891 when his boss gave him two weeks to come up with a game that could be played indoors in the winter. Naismith came up with basketball， basing it partly on a game he played as a youth called duck on a rock. In that game， a player uses a small stone to knock a larger one （the duck） off a tree stump that is being defended by the other team. While most players threw their stones at the duck， Naismith realized the benefit of lofting his stone over the defender—similar to a basketball shot. Naismith’s new game originally used peach baskets as goals. It caught on quickly： Basketball was a demonstration sport at the Olympics just 13 years after its invention.
Father of Baseball Umpires
For 37 years， Bill Klem was the most respected ump in the game. Nicknamed the Old Arbiter， Klem introduced the practice of using hand signals for balls and strikes. “That guy in a 25-cent bleacher seat is as much entitled to know a call as the guy in the boxes，” he said. Players and managers knew not to mess with Klem. The ump was famous for drawing a line in the dirt. Anyone who crossed it while arguing got tossed.
Father of Baseball
Journalist Henry Chadwick didn’t invent the national pastime， but no one did more to popularize it. In the 1850s， Chadwick began writing a well-known newspaper column， and he introduced the box score to his readers. He also came up with several stats， including batting average and ERA （Earned Run Average）. Chadwick is the only writer inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame. 足球之父
19世纪60年代，埃比尼泽·科步·莫莉制订了足球比赛的规则，这些规则严格规范着足球运动。而最初有一些规则的设定原本会对足球产生巨大的影响，如允许球员可以带球跑过人，防守一方则可以“抓、绊或踢对方球员”。然而足协委员最终投票否决了这两项规则，这项美好的运动才开始蓬勃发展。
篮球之父
詹姆斯·奈史密斯出生于加拿大，但却在美国马萨诸塞州斯普林菲尔德当体育老师。1891年，老板交给他一项任务：在两周之内想出一种游戏，要求是冬季可在室内进行的运动。奈史密斯想到了篮球，灵感部分源于小时候玩过的一种游戏，称作“打石鸭”。在这项游戏中，一方队员要用一个小石块击落树桩上的大石块（亦称“鸭”），而另一方队员则守卫着树桩让你击不中“鸭”。虽然大多数队员都能够成功地击中大石块，但奈史密斯发现，将石块抛向空中越过对方的防守——这个动作类似于投篮——更有运动价值。奈史密斯发明的这项新运动最初是用桃子篮作为投篮框的。这项运动很快就流行起来：篮球发明13年后成为奥运会的表演项目。
冲浪之父
杜克·卡哈那莫库是一名游泳健将，曾获得过3枚奥运会金牌，但他对冲浪运动的影响更为深远。杜克四处游历，举办游泳运动展览会。同时他也冲浪，将这项夏威夷运动推荐给了更多的观众。1925年，杜克用冲浪板营救了8名船翻落水的水手，将其载往岸边。
棒球之父
亨利·查德威克是一名记者，虽然他不是棒球运动的创始人，但在普及这项全民运动过程中，他所做出的贡献无人能出其右。19世纪50年代，查德威克开始为一个著名的报纸专栏供稿，引入棒球比赛个人得分表并将其推介给读者。同时，查德威克还提出了一些棒球计分方法，包括击球率和投手防守率。查德威克还是唯一入选棒球名人堂的作家。
棒球裁判之父
比爾·克兰姆是棒球界最受尊敬的裁判，执法赛场长达37年。克兰姆有个绰号叫“老裁判”。他在比赛中独创了一套手势，分别代表球势和击打动作。他说：“买25美分看台票的观众和坐包厢的观众具有同样的知情权。”棒球运动员和领队都知道克兰姆惹不起。他以在地上画线出名，纠纷中任何越线者都被直接判出局。
Vocabulary
govern v. 支配；控制；影响
permit v. 允许，许可；准许
blossom v. 成熟；繁荣；发展
impact n. 巨大影响；强大作用
extensively adv. 广泛地；广博地；广大地
defend v. 防守；保卫
benefit n. 优势；益处；成效
respected adj. 受尊敬的；受敬重的；受重视的