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羊是中国古代“六畜”之一,不少考古遗址发掘出土的遗物中包含羊骨,这些羊骨是动物考古学研究的对象。本文分三个部分对中国家羊的动物考古学研究进行回顾和展望。第一部分按照时代早晚梳理目前中国境内考古发现的羊骨遗骸,归纳不同时段羊的种属、数量、地理分布及特殊考古现象等阶段性特征。第二部分以家羊的动物考古学专门研究为主,回顾目前在定性定量分析、起源与传播以及开发利用方式等方面取得的进展。第三部分对今后的研究方向和方法等提出一些设想与展望。
Sheep is one of the “six domestic animals” in ancient China. Many relics excavated at archeological sites contain sheep bone, which is the object of animal archeology. This article reviews and forecasts the animal archeology of Chinese domestic sheep in three parts. In the first part, according to the remains of sheep bone found in archeology in China at the present time, the characteristics of sheep species, quantity, geographical distribution and special archeological phenomena at different periods are summarized. The second part mainly focuses on the animal archeology of domestic sheep, and reviews the progress made in qualitative and quantitative analysis, its origin and dissemination, and ways of exploitation and utilization. The third part of the future research methods and methods put forward some ideas and prospects.