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金属缓蚀剂金属的腐蚀是一个严重的问题,每年约有10%的金属消耗于腐蚀。金属的腐蚀可以分成化学腐蚀和电化学腐蚀,采油中遇到的主要是电化学腐蚀。例如在油水井酸化时,由于酸(如盐酸)的存在,使结构不均匀的钢铁表面形成许多微电池。微电池的电极反应可表示如下:在负极 Fe→Fe~(++)+2e在正极 2HCl→2H~++2Cl~-+)2H~++2e→H_2↑电池反应 Fe+2HCl→Fe~(++)+2Cl~-+H_2↑就这样钢铁被腐蚀下来了。在注水管线中,钢铁表面的微电池同样存在,它们将进行如下的电极反应:
Corrosion of metal corrosion inhibitors is a serious problem, with about 10% of the metal consumed in corrosion each year. Metal corrosion can be divided into chemical and electrochemical corrosion, oil recovery is mainly encountered electrochemical corrosion. For example, when the oil and gas wells are acidified, many micro-cells are formed on the surface of the steel with uneven structure due to the presence of acids (such as hydrochloric acid). The electrode reaction of the micro-battery can be expressed as follows: In the anode Fe → Fe ~ (++) + 2e at the positive electrode 2HCl → 2H ~ + + 2Cl ~ - +) 2H ~ + + 2e → H_2 ↑ Battery reaction Fe + 2HCl → Fe ~ (++) + 2Cl ~ - + H_2 ↑ So the steel is corroded. In the water line, the micro-cells on the surface of the steel also exist, they will perform the following electrode reactions: