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汉语是世界上使用人口最多的语言之一,历史悠久,方言复杂。早在二千多年前,先秦文献中就有雅言、齐语、楚语、越语的记载。西汉扬雄(前53-18)撰《輶轩使者绝代语释别国方言》,这是最早的方言研究著作。此后直至二十世纪初的二千年,方言词汇收集与考核绵延不绝。二十世纪以来,注重方言语音系统的田野调查逐渐展开,一批名作相继问世,如赵元任《现代吴语研究》(1928)、罗常培《厦门音系》(1931)、《临川音系》(1940)等,一直延续到六十年代。
Chinese is one of the most populated languages in the world, with a long history and complicated dialects. As early as two thousand years ago, the pre-Qin literature has elegant words, Qi language, Chu language, Vietnamese language records. The Western Han Dynasty Yang Xiong (formerly 53-18) wrote “Xuan Xuan envoys no alternative language dialect”, this is the earliest dialect research works. Since then, two thousand years from the beginning of the twentieth century, dialect vocabulary collection and assessment have been going on continuously. Since the twentieth century, a field investigation focusing on the dialectal speech system has been gradually carried out. A number of masterpieces have been published one after another, such as Zhao Yuanren’s Modern Wu Studies (1928), Luo Changpei’s Phonological System of Xiamen (1931), Linchuan Phonological System (1940) Etc., has been extended to the sixties.