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虚无主义有三个语境:施特劳斯所谓的特殊的德国现象;尼采所谓的柏拉图主义;还有认定现实世界是完全堕落和虚无的诺斯替主义。挣脱了柏拉图主义、历经新价值创造后最终仍否认一切存在之真实意义的彻底虚无主义,作为尼采虚无主义的隐微论解释,构成第四种虚无主义。现代文化中自然与人为的截然二分,以及对个别性的推崇,被施蒂纳极端化后与马克思发生冲突,再加上通过黑格尔与诺斯替主义的链接,使马克思与虚无主义发生了双重关联。如何遏制虚无主义?马克思通过辩证法保持了价值与意义存于其中的形而上维度,重思确立超验价值的路径和根基;正如尼采倒转柏拉图主义也不是取消一切形而上学,而是仍然追求一种形而上的精神、风格一样。
Nihilism has three contexts: Strauss’s so-called special German phenomenon; Nietzsche’s so-called Platonism; and the fact that the real world is totally degenerated and nothingness of Gnosticism. The total nihilism, which broke free from Platonism and finally deny the true meaning of all existence after creation of new values, constitutes the fourth nihilism as an implicit explanation of Nietzsche’s nihilism. The dichotomy between naturalism and man-madeness in modern culture and its esteem for individuality were contradicted by Marx after Stabilus became extremist. Coupled with Marxism and nihilism through the link between Hegel and Gnosticism Double connection. How to Contain Nihilism? Marx maintains the metaphysical dimension in which value and meaning exist in dialectics and rethinks the path and foundations of establishing transcendental value. Just as Nietzsche reversed Platonism, he did not abolish all metaphysics but sought a metaphysical The same spirit, style.