“理性经济人”作为现代经济分析的常用术语,是西方主流经济学产生、发展和演变的核心与起点,更是其内在矛盾的根源所在。通过在哲学层面上对其方法论基础的系统回顾与反思,本文得出结论──该假设在实践应用中所产生之诸多问题的根本原因为传统西方哲学中的实体性思维范式。 As a common term used in modern economic analysis, “rational economic man ” is the core and starting point of the birth, development and evolution of the mainstream western economics, and is also the root of its internal contradictions. Through philosophical review and reflection on the basis of its methodology, this paper concludes that the root cause of many problems arising from the application of this hypothesis in practice is the substantive thinking paradigm in traditional western philosophy.