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进行了均质土石坝漫顶破坏水槽试验,试验中观测到3种漫顶破坏模式:陡坎蚀退冲刷溃决模式、剪切蚀退坍塌溃决模式和浸泡剥蚀破坏模式,不同破坏模式溃口形成和发展阶段坝体破坏类型差异较大.坝高、筑坝材料、漫顶流量和坝顶抗侵蚀能力非均匀分布等因素影响坝体破坏方式,如坝顶非均匀冲刷产生的束水作用造成的“凹形”蚀退、其他条件相同情况下筑坝材料强弱导致的剪切或陡坎蚀退和坝高大小导致的陡坎蚀退或浸泡剥蚀等.这些因素通过影响不同位置侵蚀速率,共同决定了漫顶破坏模式,而后者对漫顶破坏过程和溃坝参数(破坏持续时间、最大下泄流量等)影响较大.
In this experiment, three types of overpressure failure modes were observed, including erosion and erosion scouring failure mode, shear erosion and collapse failure mode, immersion and erosion failure mode, different failure mode breach formation and The types of dam body failure are quite different in the development stage.The factors such as dam height, dam material, top flow and non-uniform distribution of anti-erosion abilities of dam crest affect the dam failure mode, such as the effect of beam water produced by non-uniform erosion on the dam crest “Concave ” eroded back, under the same conditions of other conditions, the strength of the dam material caused by the shear or eroded back and the dam height of the eroded or steep eroded erosion etc .. These factors affect the erosion of different locations Rate, together determine the top failure mode, while the latter has a great impact on the process of collapse and dam failure parameters (duration of destruction, maximum discharge, etc.).