经济社会发展面临的资源环境的约束日益严重,海洋正逐步成为支撑经济社会可持续发展的战略基地。世界经济发展日益步人资源环境瓶颈,向海洋要生产力已成为全球经济发展的大趋势,联合国提出“21世纪是海洋世纪”。当前,世界主要海洋产业总产值已高达2万亿美元。美国、俄罗斯、澳大利亚、日本、韩国等主要沿海国家纷纷将“海洋战略”提升为“国家战略”。20世纪90年代以来,中国把发展海洋经济作为国家发展战略的重要内容。2011 The constraints on the resources and environment that economic and social development faces are becoming increasingly serious. The oceans are gradually becoming a strategic base that supports the sustainable economic and social development. The global economic development has increasingly brought about the bottleneck of resources and environment and the productive forces toward the sea have become the general trend of global economic development. The United Nations has proposed that “the 21st century be a maritime century.” At present, the total output value of major marine industries in the world has reached as high as 2 trillion U.S. dollars. The major coastal countries such as the United States, Russia, Australia, Japan and South Korea have upgraded their “marine strategy” to “national strategy.” Since the 1990s, China has taken the development of the marine economy as an important part of its national development strategy. 2011