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同一是人类思维活动的基本范畴，同一认定是人类认识活动的基本方法，也是司法证明活动中认定案件事实的基本方法。传统的同一认定理论把同一认定局限在物证技术鉴定的范畴。实际上，同一认定是刑事诉讼证明的最终目标，同一认定理论对整个案件的司法证明活动都有指导意义。在刑事诉讼中，整个案件的同一认定就是“人事同一认定”。同一认定的依据是客体特征。同一认定的条件包括特征组合的特定性、稳定性和反映性。同一认定的基本方法是特征排除法，包括直接排除法和间接排除法。同一认定的基本步骤包括对客体特征或诉讼证据的分别审查、比较审查和综合审查。同一认定理论是刑事诉讼证明的基本原理之一。
The same is the basic category of human thinking activities, the same recognition is the basic method of human awareness activities, but also the basic method of judicial confirmation of the facts of the case. The same theory of traditional identification of the same identification is limited to the scope of material evidence of technical appraisal. In fact, the same determination is the ultimate goal of criminal procedure proof, and the same theory of cognition has guiding significance to the judicial proof activities of the whole case. In criminal proceedings, the same affirmation of the whole case is “the same determination of personnel”. The same recognition is based on the characteristics of the object. The conditions for the same determination include the specificity, stability and reactivity of the combination of features. The same basic method of identification is feature exclusion, including direct exclusion and indirect exclusion. The basic steps of the same determination include the separate examination of object characteristics or evidence of litigation, comparative examination and comprehensive examination. The same recognition theory is one of the basic principles of criminal proceedings.