论文部分内容阅读
城市空中交通(UAM)是近年来提出的使用电动垂直起降飞行器(eVTOL)的新兴概念.UAM通过利用低空空域有望为城市地区的乘客和货物运输提供另一种选择,显著提高机动性.除了其他基本要素外,还需要垂直起降机场等地面基础设施来实现UAM从概念到运行的跨越.本研究探讨了UAM按需服务的网络设计,在考虑垂直起降机场的位置和潜在的UAM需求之间相互作用的同时,重点强调使用整数规划和求解算法来确定垂直起降机场的最佳位置、用户分配以及进出模式的选择.一个基于美国佛罗里达州坦帕湾地区模拟分解交通需求数据的案例研究验证了该模型的有效性.通过分析基于佛罗里达州的激光雷达数据和eVTOL运行的自身约束和监管约束下开发出的3D地理信息系统(GIS)地图,我们获得了备选垂直起降机场的位置.垂直起降机场最佳位置的选择以总成本最小为目标,但同时该模型结构允许每个用户根据广义费用在地面运输和UAM之间选择更好的模式.案例研究的结果显示,虽然从地面模式切换到多式联运的行程比重很小,但选择UAM服务的用户明显节省了时间.此外,本文从供应方面探讨了不同参数设置对UAM服务需求的影响,并测试了不同的定价策略对UAM的需求和利润之间的影响.同时分析了垂直起降机场数量与定价策略的综合效应.研究结果为城市决策者和UAM运营商提供了深入的规划和管理意见.本文的结论部分讨论了该研究的注意事项、作者正在进行的工作以及UAM的未来研究方向.“,”Urban air mobility (UAM) is an emerging concept proposed in recent years that uses electric vertical take-off and landing vehicles (eVTOLs). UAM is expected to offer an alternative way of transporting passengers and goods in urban areas with significantly improved mobility by making use of low-altitude airspace. In addition to other essential elements, ground infrastructure of vertiports is needed to transition UAM from concept to operation. This study examines the network design of UAM on-demand service, with a particu-lar focus on the use of integer programming and a solution algorithm to determine the optimal locations of vertiports, user allocation to vertiports, and vertiport access-and egress-mode choices while consid-ering the interactions between vertiport locations and potential UAM travel demand. A case study based on simulated disaggregate travel demand data of the Tampa Bay area in Florida, USA was conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model. Candidate vertiport locations were obtained by analyzing a three-dimensional (3D) geographic information system (GIS) map developed from lidar data of Florida and physical and regulation constraints of eVTOL operations at vertiports. Optimal locations of vertiports were determined to achieve the minimal total generalized cost;however, the modeling struc-ture allows each user to select a better mode between ground transportation and UAM in terms of gen-eralized cost. The outcomes of the case study reveal that although the percentage of trips that switched from ground mode to multimodal UAM was small, users choosing the UAM service benefited from signifi-cant time saving. In addition, the impact of different parameter settings on the demand for UAM service was explored from the supply side, and different pricing strategies were tested that might influence potential demand and revenue generation for UAM operators. The combined effects of the number of ver-tiports and pricing strategies were also analyzed. The findings from this study offer in-depth planning and managerial insights for municipal decision-makers and UAM operators. The conclusion of this paper discusses caveats to the study, ongoing efforts by the authors, and future directions in UAM research.