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“幸亏”和“好在”在汉语语法中占有非常重要的地位。一般来说,它们的意义较虚,如何区别它们的用法,在对外汉语教学中是个难点。本文以北大语料库为基础,在语义语用功能以及它们与其他副词、语气词的共现情况等方面揭示了二者之间的异同。“幸亏”和“好在”都能引入一个反预期事件,“幸亏”的反预设机制是强调避免了不好甚至危急的后果;“好在”则突出表达正因为有了某种有利条件的出现,而得以避免或改善不尽如意的结果。另外,“好在”的主观性大于“幸亏”。
“Fortunately” and “Fortunately” occupy a very important position in Chinese grammar. In general, their meaning is rather virtual. How to distinguish their usage is a difficult point in teaching Chinese as a foreign language. Based on the Peking University corpus, this paper reveals the similarities and differences between the semantic and pragmatic functions and their co-occurrence with other adverbs and modal particles. “Fortunately, ” and “Good ” can introduce a counter-expected event, “Fortunately,” the anti-default mechanism is to emphasize the avoidance of bad or even the consequences of the crisis; It is precisely because of the emergence of some favorable conditions, to avoid or improve the unsatisfactory results. In addition, “good at ” subjectivity is greater than “fortunately ”.