国内外学术界对于贯穿于葛兰西思想中的某种主线,对于其革命实践中的根本诉求多有不察。在葛兰西独创性极强的思想中实则贯穿着一条主线、一种根本的政治诉求,贯穿着他对当时政治形式的深刻反思以及在此基础上形成的对于一种新型民主政治的积极探寻,这集中体现在葛兰西早期的“工厂委员会运动”的民主实践、其作为一种民主哲学样态的实践哲学、其市民社会理论中的民主政治思考及其知识分子理论中的民主政治内蕴等方面。葛兰西早期倡导的“工厂委员会运动”是其实现工人民主、培养工人领导管理能力和建立无产阶级国家的民主政治理念的一种极其宝贵的实践;其“实践哲学”最终指向自由及民主目标的实现,也是一种体现了理论与实践、思想和行动相统一的马克思主义本质的、具有文化性的民主哲学样态;其国家—市民社会理论是对俄国十月革命和意大利法西斯主义胜利后工人运动面临的众多问题的回应,同时也是革命策略的筹划及革命未来的设计,旨在抵制国家的官僚主义、集权主义并捍卫市民社会的群众民主、自由权利;其知识分子理论强调在大众与国家、知识分子与民众之间创造一种民主的、有机的中介性联系,并充分重视被自由资产阶级领导阶层所忽视的群众的民主运动,从而具有民主政治的内蕴。葛兰西的这些政治思索反映出他作为一位杰出的马克思主义者及意大利共产党领袖关注劳动群众解放及人类社会民主化的人道主义情怀,由此可以深化对其学说的理解,并能促进我们关于当今世界民主建设的积极反思。 Academics at home and abroad have noticed more about the fundamental demands of their revolutionary practice for some mainline that runs through Gramsci’s thought. In Gramsci’s highly creative thinking, he runs through a main thread and a fundamental political appeal, which runs through his profound reflection on the political form at that time and the active exploration of a new type of democracy based on this , Which is embodied in Gramsci’s early democratic practice of “Factory Committee Movement” as a practical philosophy of a democratic philosophical embodiment, its democratic political thinking in civil society theory and its democracy in the theory of intellectuals Political connotation and so on. The “Campaign of the Factory Committee” advocated by Gramsci at an early stage is an extremely valuable practice of realizing worker democracy, developing workers’ ability to manage and establish democracy, and establishing the concept of democracy in the proletariat. Ultimately, “Philosophy of Practice” The realization of freedom and the goal of democracy is also an embodiment of the Marxist essence of a democratic and philosophical model of culture that incorporates theory, practice, thought and action. Its state-civil society theory is an analysis of both the October Revolution in Russia and Italy The response to the numerous problems confronting the workers’ movement after the victory of fascism is also the design of the revolutionary strategy and the design of the revolutionary future. It aims to resist state bureaucracy and totalitarianism and safeguard the mass democracy and freedom of civil society. The theory of intellectuals It emphasizes that democracy, organic democracy should be created between the masses and nations, intellectuals and the general public, and the mass democratic movement neglected by the leadership of the free bourgeoisie should be fully emphasized. These political reflections of Gramsci reflect his humanitarian feelings as an outstanding Marxist and leader of the Italian Communist Party concerned with the liberation of the working masses and the democratization of human society, thereby deepening their understanding of the doctrine and promoting us Positive Reflection on Democracy in the Present World.