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谷地云冷杉林是小兴安岭地区谷地的顶极群落,在我国温带植被类型中占有重要地位.本研究基于凉水谷地云冷杉林9.12 hm2动态监测样地,分析了群落物种组成和径级结构,并运用点格局方法分析16个主要物种不同生活史阶段的空间分布格局,探讨密度制约效应在优势种不同生活史阶段所发挥的作用.结果表明:(1)样地内木本植物共有44种,胸径?1 cm的独立个体35656株,隶属于14科29属;(2)林冠层、林下层树种和优势种冷杉与红皮云杉的径级分布均呈倒“J”型,灌木层的径级分布呈“L”型;(3)主要物种幼树Ⅰ(1 cm?胸径<5 cm)在1~50 m尺度上主要呈现聚集分布,随着尺度增大,聚集强度逐渐减小;幼树Ⅱ(5 cm?胸径<10 cm)随着尺度增大呈现出由聚集分布向随机分布变化;成年树(胸径?10 cm)则呈近似随机分布或均匀分布;(4)优势种冷杉幼树Ⅰ和幼树Ⅱ与成年树利用生境的方式均不同,而红皮云杉幼树Ⅰ与成年树利用生境的方式不同,幼树Ⅱ与成年树利用生境的方式相同;冷杉与红皮云杉的幼树Ⅰ与幼树Ⅱ均在1~50 m尺度上呈现相对于成年树额外的聚集,在尺度>5 m时,随着径级增大,这种额外的聚集逐渐减小,说明密度制约效应起作用.
Valley fir forest is the climax community in the valley of the Xiao Hinggan Mountains and plays an important role in the temperate vegetation types in China.In this study, based on 9.12 hm2 dynamic monitoring plots of spruce-fir forest in Liangshui Valley, the species composition and diameter structure of the community were analyzed and applied Point pattern method to analyze the spatial distribution pattern of different life history stages of 16 major species and to explore the effect of density control effect on different life history stages of dominant species.The results showed that: (1) There were 44 woody plants in total, 35656 individuals belonging to 14 genera and 14 families belong to 1 cm. (2) The diameter distribution of the canopy and understory species and the dominant species of fir and red spruce showed “J” -type, shrub layer (3) The main species saplings Ⅰ (1 cm diameter at breast diameter <5 cm) mainly showed aggregation distribution at the scale of 1 ~ 50 m. As the scale increased, the aggregation intensity decreased gradually (5 cm in diameter and DBH <10 cm) showed a random distribution of distribution from aggregation to distribution; the adult tree (diameter at breast height of 10 cm) showed an approximately random distribution or even distribution; (4) The advantage The species of fir seedlings Ⅰ and sapling Ⅱ are different from those of adult trees in habitat use Saplings Ⅰ and adult trees use habitats in different ways, saplings Ⅱ and adult trees use habitats in the same way; fir and red spruce saplings Ⅰ and saplings Ⅱ are in the 1 ~ 50 m scale relative to the adult The additional aggregation of trees, at scale> 5 m, decreases with increasing diameter, indicating that the density-constraining effect works.