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Abstract The hybrid cotton varieties of Hanza 160 and Hanza 1692 were bred by reciprocal crosses between Han 5158 and Han 333 in Hainan and Hebei for several years. Both varieties had the characters of high yield， high quality and disease resistance. Hanza 160 and Hanza 1692 were approved by Hebei Crop Variety Approval Committee in 2013 and 2016， respectively.
Key words Cotton； Hanza 160； Hanza 1692； Cross breeding； Reciprocal crosses； Disease resistance
Cotton is not only a cash crop， but also an important strategic material. At present， due to the low mechanization， rising labor prices and increased planting costs， the area of cotton fields in the Yellow River Basin has been greatly reduced. How to increase yields and stabilize cotton production in a limited area has become the primary problem for cotton breeding[1]. Using the heterosis， the Handan Academy of Agricultural Sciences has cultivated excellent new high??yield hybrid cotton varieties of Hanza 160 and Hanza 1692， which have played a positive role in stabilizing cotton production in central and southern Yunnan[2-3]. Hanza 160 was approved by the Hebei Crop Variety Approval Committee in 2013 （Certification No.： Jishenmian 2013010）， and 1692 was approved by the Hebei Crop Variety Committee in 2016 （Certification No.： Jishenmian 2016001）.
Materials and Methods
Parental materials
Parental materials for Hanza 160 The female parent was the transgenic insect??resistant cotton variety Han 5158， which was approved by the National Crop Variety Approval Committee of China in 2006 （Certification No.： Guoshenmian 2006006）， and it had the characteristics of early maturity and good disease resistance. The father parent was JK60， which was the material for the systematical selection and breeding of the self??fertile variety Han 333， and it had the characteristics of good yield， good growth potential， smooth boll opening and no premature senescence.
Parental materials for Hanza 1692 The female parent was Hanmian 169， which was the material used in the systematical selection and breeding of the self??fertile variety Han 333 by the Handan Academy of Agricultural Sciences， and it had good yield performance. The father parent was Han 5158.
Breeding process
Breeding of Hanza 160 In 2000， the parental material JK60 with high affinity and high yield was selected. In 2001， the hybrid combination Han 5158 ?? JK60 was set up in the experimental field of Handan Academy of Agricultural Sciences. In 2002， F1 participated in the yield comparison experiments of disease and insect??resistant cotton varieties organized by Handan Academy of Agricultural Sciences. In 2003， F1 was tested for disease resistance in disease nursery. In 2004-2005， multi??point tests were conducted for the disease and insect??resistant cotton lines in Handan and Xingtai by Handan Academy of Agricultural Sciences， and the parents were processed with purification and rejuvenation and propagation. In 2006， the bred variety was applied for the Certificate of Genetically Modified Organisms Safety （Nongji??anzheng 2013， No. 128）. In 2007， the number of hybrid seed production was expanded， and the parents were further inbred to protect the purification. In 2008， multi??point tests and demonstrations were continued to conduct in Handan and Xingtai by Handan Academy of Agricultural Sciences. In 2009， a small number of propagations were carried out， and the bred variety was applied for the regional tests of spring sowing hybrid cotton in middle and south Hebei Province. In 2010-2011， it participated in the regional tests of spring sowing hybrid cotton in middle and south Hebei Province， and in 2012， it participated in the production tests of spring sowing hybrid cotton in middle and south Hebei Province. In 2013， it was approved by Hebei Crop Variety Approval Committee （Certification No.： Jishenmian No. 2013010）， named Hanza 160. Breeding of Hanza 1692 In 2005， the hybrid combination Hanmian 169 ?? Han 5158 was set up in the experimental field of Handan Academy of Agricultural Sciences. In the winter of 2005， the F1 population was planted in Hainan， and the yield performance was observed， so as to accelerate the breeding process. In 2006， the bred variety participated in the yield comparison experiments of disease and insect??resistant cotton lines and disease garden identification organized by Handan Academy of Agricultural Sciences， and the lines with good yield and disease resistance were screened. In 2007， tests were continued to conduct in the disease nursery， and the 1692 combination showed good performances in comprehensive characters. In 2008， the combination 1692 was put into a small area of seed production， and the 2 parents were performed with sefling and purification and rejuvenation. In 2009， the bred variety participated in the multi??point tests of disease and insect??resistant cotton lines in Handan and Xingtai by Handan Academy of Agricultural Sciences. In 2010-2011， the bred variety was applied for the Certificate of Genetically Modified Organisms Safety （Nongji??anzheng 2015， No. 064）. In 2012， it participated in the preliminary tests of spring sowing hybrid cotton in middle and south Hebei Province. In 2013-2014， it participated in the regional tests for spring sowing hybrid cotton in middle and south Hebei Province， and in 2015， the production tests of spring sowing hybrid cotton in middle and south Hebei Province. In 2016， it was approved by Hebei Crop Variety Approval Committee （Certification No.： No. 2016001）， named Hanza 1692.
Breeding Results
Characteristics
Hanza 160 The variety had loose and towered plant type； big and dark green leaves with shallow leaf lobes； green and thick stems with long and thin tomenta； good growth potential and high boll??setting rate with oval bolls of medium sizes； smooth boll opening， which made the bolls easy to pick， and most bolls were of five lint； growth period of 123 d， plant height of 99 cm， first branch knot of 6.3 nodes， bolls per plant of 21.0， single boll weight of 5.3 g， and seed index of 9.9 g.
Hanza 1692 The variety had loose and towered plants； big and dark green leaves； green and thick stems with thin tomenta； good growth potential and high boll??setting rate with oval bolls of medium sizes； smooth boll opening， which made the bolls easy to pick， but common performance in early maturity； growth period of 122 d， plant height of 96.0 cm， first branch knot of 7 nodes， bolls per plant of 16.3， single boll weight of 6.7 g， and seed index of 11.3 g. Yield
Hanza 160 In the regional tests of spring??sowing hybrid cotton in middle and south Hebei in 2010-2011， Hanza 160 had an average yield of lint cotton and pre??frost lint cotton of 1 575.0 and 1 417.0 kg/hm2， respectively， which was 2.94% and 2.02% higher than the yield of CK. In the production tests of spring??sowing hybrid cotton in middle and south Hebei in 2012， the lint and pre??frost lint cotton yield was 1 536.0 and 1 363.5 kg/hm2， respectively， which was 8.02% and 7.96% higher than that of CK （Table 1）.
Hanza 1692 In the regional tests of spring??sowing hybrid cotton in middle and south Hebei in 2013-2014， Hanza 1692 had an average yield of lint cotton and pre??frost lint cotton of 1 795.5 and 1 628.3 kg/hm2， respectively， which was 4.82% and 3.78% higher than the yield of CK. In the production tests of spring??sowing hybrid cotton in middle and south Hebei in 2015， the lint and pre??frost lint cotton yield was 1 812.0 and 1 688.8 kg/hm2， respectively， which was 9.30% and 7.25% higher than that of CK.
Fiber quality
The fiber quality of cotton in the regional tests of spring??sowing hybrid cotton in middle and south Hebei Province was determined by the Cotton Quality Testing Center of the Ministry of Agriculture of the People??s Republic of China. The results （Table 2） showed that the fiber quality of both Hanza 160 and Hanza 1692 reached the variety certification standard.
Disease resistance
The comprehensive disease resistances of cotton in the regional tests of spring??sowing hybrid cotton in middle and south Hebei Province were detected by the Institute of Plant Protection of Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences. The results （Table 3） showed that Hanza 160 was highly resistant to Fusarium wilt and tolerant to Verticillium wilt， while Hanza 1692 was resistant to Fusarium wilt and tolerant to Verticillium wilt.
Suitable planting areas
Both Hanza 160 and Hanza 1692 were suitable for spring planting in the cotton areas of central and southern Hebei Province， so they should be promoted in strict accordance with the scope permitted by the Agricultural Genetically Modified Safety Certificate.
Complete Set of Cultivation Techniques
（1） Sowing in good time. The suitable sowing time is from April 18 to 25 in the middle and south Hebei Province， and the cultivation is preferred to cover with plastic film.
（2） Reasonable close planting. The planting density of common cotton field is 37 500- 45 000 plants/hm2 with the line spacing of 90 cm and plant spacing of 25 to 30 cm. The planting density can be reduced properly for the fields with better fertilizer and water conditions， and the recommended planting density is 30 000 plants/hm2 with the line spacing of 100-120 cm and plant spacing of 25 cm. （3） Water and fertilizer management. The principle of fertilization is based on base fertilizer and supplemented by topdressing. The base fertilizer is mainly organic fertilizer and supplemented by chemical fertilize， and the application rate of organic fertilizer is 75 000 kg/hm2， and the application amount of chemical fertilizer is 600 kg/hm2 of diammonium phosphate and 225 kg/hm2 of potassium chloride. Topdressing can be done in early flowering stage by applying with 150-300 kg/hm2 of urea； after August 10， dressing in the last stage can be supplemented with 75-120 kg/hm2 of urea or 2-3 times of foliage application.
（4） Scientific chemical control. It is necessary to carry out rational control in accordance with the principle of "small quantities in high frequency". The first chemical control is in the early blooming period， which can apply 15-30 g/hm2 of mepiquat chloride （DPC）. The second chemical control can be carried out before the topping of the flowering bolls， which can apply 30-45 g/hm2 of DPC. The third chemical control can be after the topping， which can apply 45-60 g/hm2 of DPC. If the plants are overgrown or the rain is too much in the early stage， it can spray DPC one more time in the budding period with the application amount of 4.5-7.5 g/hm2.
（5） Pest control. Based on the principle of "prevention first， comprehensive control"[4-6]， it should carry out time control to aphids， cotton bollworm， red spider， stink bugs and sugar beet moths and other pests.
Agricultural Biotechnology 2018References
[1] CAI P. Some thoughts on stabilizing cotton production in China[J]. China Cotton， 2003， 30 （10）： 7.
[2] YUAN QF. The area of cotton in Hebei or the area of oil recovery is stable in 2011[N]. Grain and Oil Market Newspaper， 2011-02-17.
[3] QIU XP. Progress in research and utilization of cotton heterosis[J]. China Cotton， 2000， 27 （10）： 4-7.
[4] WANG GN， ZHANG GY， WU LQ， et al. A new transgenic insect??resistant cotton hybrid， Nongda KZ05， with high yield， disease resistance and fine quality[J]. China Cotton， 2014， 41 （10）： 28.
[5] QUAN YW， TANG GL， MI HF， et al. Breeding a new transgenic cotton cultivar Han8826 and its cultivation techniques[J]. Journal of Hebei Agricultural Sciences， 2017， 21 （3）： 72 -74， 88.
[6] ZHAO GY， WANG KH， GUO BS， et al. Breeding of the state approved hybrid new cotton variety Jiza No.1 resistant to fusarium wilt and verticillium Wilt[J]. Hebei Agricultural Sciences， 2012，16 （9）：55-59.
[7] WANG Y， ZHANG XJ. Causes and countermeasures of cotton variety degradation[J]. Rural Science and Technology， 2005， （11）： 12-13.
[8] GUO YL. Heterosis of F1 reciprocal crosses， performance and potential of F2 and seed reproduction efficiency on hybrids cotton[D]. Wuhan： Huazhong Agricultural University， 2012.
[9] WANG RX， ZHOU ZH， CHEN JX， et al. Comparison of characters between observe cross and inverse cross of insect??resistance hybrid cotton of F1 population[J]. Cotton Science， 2006， 18 （1）： 32-36.
Key words Cotton； Hanza 160； Hanza 1692； Cross breeding； Reciprocal crosses； Disease resistance
Cotton is not only a cash crop， but also an important strategic material. At present， due to the low mechanization， rising labor prices and increased planting costs， the area of cotton fields in the Yellow River Basin has been greatly reduced. How to increase yields and stabilize cotton production in a limited area has become the primary problem for cotton breeding[1]. Using the heterosis， the Handan Academy of Agricultural Sciences has cultivated excellent new high??yield hybrid cotton varieties of Hanza 160 and Hanza 1692， which have played a positive role in stabilizing cotton production in central and southern Yunnan[2-3]. Hanza 160 was approved by the Hebei Crop Variety Approval Committee in 2013 （Certification No.： Jishenmian 2013010）， and 1692 was approved by the Hebei Crop Variety Committee in 2016 （Certification No.： Jishenmian 2016001）.
Materials and Methods
Parental materials
Parental materials for Hanza 160 The female parent was the transgenic insect??resistant cotton variety Han 5158， which was approved by the National Crop Variety Approval Committee of China in 2006 （Certification No.： Guoshenmian 2006006）， and it had the characteristics of early maturity and good disease resistance. The father parent was JK60， which was the material for the systematical selection and breeding of the self??fertile variety Han 333， and it had the characteristics of good yield， good growth potential， smooth boll opening and no premature senescence.
Parental materials for Hanza 1692 The female parent was Hanmian 169， which was the material used in the systematical selection and breeding of the self??fertile variety Han 333 by the Handan Academy of Agricultural Sciences， and it had good yield performance. The father parent was Han 5158.
Breeding process
Breeding of Hanza 160 In 2000， the parental material JK60 with high affinity and high yield was selected. In 2001， the hybrid combination Han 5158 ?? JK60 was set up in the experimental field of Handan Academy of Agricultural Sciences. In 2002， F1 participated in the yield comparison experiments of disease and insect??resistant cotton varieties organized by Handan Academy of Agricultural Sciences. In 2003， F1 was tested for disease resistance in disease nursery. In 2004-2005， multi??point tests were conducted for the disease and insect??resistant cotton lines in Handan and Xingtai by Handan Academy of Agricultural Sciences， and the parents were processed with purification and rejuvenation and propagation. In 2006， the bred variety was applied for the Certificate of Genetically Modified Organisms Safety （Nongji??anzheng 2013， No. 128）. In 2007， the number of hybrid seed production was expanded， and the parents were further inbred to protect the purification. In 2008， multi??point tests and demonstrations were continued to conduct in Handan and Xingtai by Handan Academy of Agricultural Sciences. In 2009， a small number of propagations were carried out， and the bred variety was applied for the regional tests of spring sowing hybrid cotton in middle and south Hebei Province. In 2010-2011， it participated in the regional tests of spring sowing hybrid cotton in middle and south Hebei Province， and in 2012， it participated in the production tests of spring sowing hybrid cotton in middle and south Hebei Province. In 2013， it was approved by Hebei Crop Variety Approval Committee （Certification No.： Jishenmian No. 2013010）， named Hanza 160. Breeding of Hanza 1692 In 2005， the hybrid combination Hanmian 169 ?? Han 5158 was set up in the experimental field of Handan Academy of Agricultural Sciences. In the winter of 2005， the F1 population was planted in Hainan， and the yield performance was observed， so as to accelerate the breeding process. In 2006， the bred variety participated in the yield comparison experiments of disease and insect??resistant cotton lines and disease garden identification organized by Handan Academy of Agricultural Sciences， and the lines with good yield and disease resistance were screened. In 2007， tests were continued to conduct in the disease nursery， and the 1692 combination showed good performances in comprehensive characters. In 2008， the combination 1692 was put into a small area of seed production， and the 2 parents were performed with sefling and purification and rejuvenation. In 2009， the bred variety participated in the multi??point tests of disease and insect??resistant cotton lines in Handan and Xingtai by Handan Academy of Agricultural Sciences. In 2010-2011， the bred variety was applied for the Certificate of Genetically Modified Organisms Safety （Nongji??anzheng 2015， No. 064）. In 2012， it participated in the preliminary tests of spring sowing hybrid cotton in middle and south Hebei Province. In 2013-2014， it participated in the regional tests for spring sowing hybrid cotton in middle and south Hebei Province， and in 2015， the production tests of spring sowing hybrid cotton in middle and south Hebei Province. In 2016， it was approved by Hebei Crop Variety Approval Committee （Certification No.： No. 2016001）， named Hanza 1692.
Breeding Results
Characteristics
Hanza 160 The variety had loose and towered plant type； big and dark green leaves with shallow leaf lobes； green and thick stems with long and thin tomenta； good growth potential and high boll??setting rate with oval bolls of medium sizes； smooth boll opening， which made the bolls easy to pick， and most bolls were of five lint； growth period of 123 d， plant height of 99 cm， first branch knot of 6.3 nodes， bolls per plant of 21.0， single boll weight of 5.3 g， and seed index of 9.9 g.
Hanza 1692 The variety had loose and towered plants； big and dark green leaves； green and thick stems with thin tomenta； good growth potential and high boll??setting rate with oval bolls of medium sizes； smooth boll opening， which made the bolls easy to pick， but common performance in early maturity； growth period of 122 d， plant height of 96.0 cm， first branch knot of 7 nodes， bolls per plant of 16.3， single boll weight of 6.7 g， and seed index of 11.3 g. Yield
Hanza 160 In the regional tests of spring??sowing hybrid cotton in middle and south Hebei in 2010-2011， Hanza 160 had an average yield of lint cotton and pre??frost lint cotton of 1 575.0 and 1 417.0 kg/hm2， respectively， which was 2.94% and 2.02% higher than the yield of CK. In the production tests of spring??sowing hybrid cotton in middle and south Hebei in 2012， the lint and pre??frost lint cotton yield was 1 536.0 and 1 363.5 kg/hm2， respectively， which was 8.02% and 7.96% higher than that of CK （Table 1）.
Hanza 1692 In the regional tests of spring??sowing hybrid cotton in middle and south Hebei in 2013-2014， Hanza 1692 had an average yield of lint cotton and pre??frost lint cotton of 1 795.5 and 1 628.3 kg/hm2， respectively， which was 4.82% and 3.78% higher than the yield of CK. In the production tests of spring??sowing hybrid cotton in middle and south Hebei in 2015， the lint and pre??frost lint cotton yield was 1 812.0 and 1 688.8 kg/hm2， respectively， which was 9.30% and 7.25% higher than that of CK.
Fiber quality
The fiber quality of cotton in the regional tests of spring??sowing hybrid cotton in middle and south Hebei Province was determined by the Cotton Quality Testing Center of the Ministry of Agriculture of the People??s Republic of China. The results （Table 2） showed that the fiber quality of both Hanza 160 and Hanza 1692 reached the variety certification standard.
Disease resistance
The comprehensive disease resistances of cotton in the regional tests of spring??sowing hybrid cotton in middle and south Hebei Province were detected by the Institute of Plant Protection of Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences. The results （Table 3） showed that Hanza 160 was highly resistant to Fusarium wilt and tolerant to Verticillium wilt， while Hanza 1692 was resistant to Fusarium wilt and tolerant to Verticillium wilt.
Suitable planting areas
Both Hanza 160 and Hanza 1692 were suitable for spring planting in the cotton areas of central and southern Hebei Province， so they should be promoted in strict accordance with the scope permitted by the Agricultural Genetically Modified Safety Certificate.
Complete Set of Cultivation Techniques
（1） Sowing in good time. The suitable sowing time is from April 18 to 25 in the middle and south Hebei Province， and the cultivation is preferred to cover with plastic film.
（2） Reasonable close planting. The planting density of common cotton field is 37 500- 45 000 plants/hm2 with the line spacing of 90 cm and plant spacing of 25 to 30 cm. The planting density can be reduced properly for the fields with better fertilizer and water conditions， and the recommended planting density is 30 000 plants/hm2 with the line spacing of 100-120 cm and plant spacing of 25 cm. （3） Water and fertilizer management. The principle of fertilization is based on base fertilizer and supplemented by topdressing. The base fertilizer is mainly organic fertilizer and supplemented by chemical fertilize， and the application rate of organic fertilizer is 75 000 kg/hm2， and the application amount of chemical fertilizer is 600 kg/hm2 of diammonium phosphate and 225 kg/hm2 of potassium chloride. Topdressing can be done in early flowering stage by applying with 150-300 kg/hm2 of urea； after August 10， dressing in the last stage can be supplemented with 75-120 kg/hm2 of urea or 2-3 times of foliage application.
（4） Scientific chemical control. It is necessary to carry out rational control in accordance with the principle of "small quantities in high frequency". The first chemical control is in the early blooming period， which can apply 15-30 g/hm2 of mepiquat chloride （DPC）. The second chemical control can be carried out before the topping of the flowering bolls， which can apply 30-45 g/hm2 of DPC. The third chemical control can be after the topping， which can apply 45-60 g/hm2 of DPC. If the plants are overgrown or the rain is too much in the early stage， it can spray DPC one more time in the budding period with the application amount of 4.5-7.5 g/hm2.
（5） Pest control. Based on the principle of "prevention first， comprehensive control"[4-6]， it should carry out time control to aphids， cotton bollworm， red spider， stink bugs and sugar beet moths and other pests.
Agricultural Biotechnology 2018References
[1] CAI P. Some thoughts on stabilizing cotton production in China[J]. China Cotton， 2003， 30 （10）： 7.
[2] YUAN QF. The area of cotton in Hebei or the area of oil recovery is stable in 2011[N]. Grain and Oil Market Newspaper， 2011-02-17.
[3] QIU XP. Progress in research and utilization of cotton heterosis[J]. China Cotton， 2000， 27 （10）： 4-7.
[4] WANG GN， ZHANG GY， WU LQ， et al. A new transgenic insect??resistant cotton hybrid， Nongda KZ05， with high yield， disease resistance and fine quality[J]. China Cotton， 2014， 41 （10）： 28.
[5] QUAN YW， TANG GL， MI HF， et al. Breeding a new transgenic cotton cultivar Han8826 and its cultivation techniques[J]. Journal of Hebei Agricultural Sciences， 2017， 21 （3）： 72 -74， 88.
[6] ZHAO GY， WANG KH， GUO BS， et al. Breeding of the state approved hybrid new cotton variety Jiza No.1 resistant to fusarium wilt and verticillium Wilt[J]. Hebei Agricultural Sciences， 2012，16 （9）：55-59.
[7] WANG Y， ZHANG XJ. Causes and countermeasures of cotton variety degradation[J]. Rural Science and Technology， 2005， （11）： 12-13.
[8] GUO YL. Heterosis of F1 reciprocal crosses， performance and potential of F2 and seed reproduction efficiency on hybrids cotton[D]. Wuhan： Huazhong Agricultural University， 2012.
[9] WANG RX， ZHOU ZH， CHEN JX， et al. Comparison of characters between observe cross and inverse cross of insect??resistance hybrid cotton of F1 population[J]. Cotton Science， 2006， 18 （1）： 32-36.