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在向四个现代化进军的高潮中,工具的设计工作尽快实现现代化是我国工具行业的迫切任务之一。目前我国齿轮刀具设计工作多数仍停留在使用手摇计算机阶段,其中只有在部份齿形计算中有些单位使用了电子计算机。因此齿轮刀具的设计工作,对工具厂和一般机器制造造厂工具车间而言,其工作量是相当繁重的。仅工具厂每年在非标准刀具订货后都要突击搞设计和工艺准备工作,时间竟达一季度之多,迫使刀具生产周期拉长达一年之久。在有些工业比较先进的国家里,刀具设计工作是利用电子计算机进行自动设计的。通常只要把需要提供的参数输入计算机,它便会自动的输出全部计算数据和绘制相应的纸。设计时间由原来需要一周左右,减少到只须数以分计的时间内即可完成。例如西德图Kiungelnleng 厂谈判提出刀具订货所需的设计参数,对方用电话通知计算站后,只需很短的时间,有关的人员,就送来刀具设计图纸和相应的计算资料,并可以开始谈判价格等。又如美国Fellows 公司,对专用插齿刀的订货要求用户填写订货卡片,厂方根据卡片上提出的要求,通过电子计算机进行计算,不仅给出相应的数据,并自动绘出必要的图纸。刀具设计的自动化其优点是很明显的,可大幅度的减轻设计工作的劳动量,从而缩短了设计时间,加快了生产周期,提供了设计计算精度,更主要的是减少了错误,而且使设计工作易于典型化,标准化,甚至不需要较高水平的刀具设计知识的技术人员,仍可获得较为满意的设计结果。由上述情况可见,从计算机对刀具所进行的辅助设计(CAD),过渡到齿轮刀具设计自动化(DA),是必然的趋势,是发展方向,是当前工具工业“四化”首要的迫切任务。但是鉴于国内电子计算机外部设备不全,绝大多数缺少自动绘图仪器的情况下,笔者提出了扩大哑图使用的方法。设计者只需给出刀具设计的原始数据,计算机则自动完成计算,查表等设计工作,打印出全部数据,同时标出哑图号,设计者在按图号取出予先晒好的哑图,并填入相应的计算数据,设计即告完成。笔者以适合于计算机特性为出发点,系统地整理出齿轮刀具设计的公式和有关图表,数据。同时绘制出较为通用的设计程序。由于输出打字机字符的限制文内采用英语说明,输出数根的顺序编号与哑图上填写相应数据的编号一致,使不懂英语的同志在使用上的会带来困难。本期发表的齿轮铣刀设计,由于精度要求不高,在DJS—130小型电子计算机上用BASIC 语言解译程序,就能满是要求。另外笔者编写的插齿刀,剃齿刀和滚刀(包括蜗轮滚刀和非渐开线异型滚刀)等的计设,都将采用国内较为通用的AlGol—60语言书写程序,以便将来有可能在全国的省级计算中心站推广使用,开展刀具设计自动化的工作。本刊将酌情陆续选登。
In the climax of marching toward the four modernizations, the modernization of tool design as soon as possible is one of the urgent tasks of the tool industry in our country. At present, most of China’s gear cutter design work still remain in the use of hand-cranked computer stage, of which only some of the tooth profile calculation in some units using a computer. Therefore, the design of gear cutting tool, tool shop and general machinery manufacturing plant tool shop, its workload is quite heavy. Only the tool factory every year in non-standard tool orders have to engage in surprise design and process preparation, as much as a quarter of the time, forcing the tool to extend the cycle of production for a year. In some more advanced countries, tool design is automated design using electronic computers. Usually just need to provide the parameters entered into the computer, it will automatically output all the calculated data and draw the appropriate paper. Design time from the original needs about a week, reduced to only a few minutes to complete the time. For example, West Germany figure Kiungelnleng plant negotiated the tool design parameters required for the order, the other party by telephone to inform the calculation station, only a very short period of time, the relevant personnel, sent the tool design drawings and the corresponding calculation data, and can start Negotiate the price and so on. Another example is the United States Fellows company, special gear cutter order requirements users fill out the order card, the factory according to the requirements of the card, calculated by the electronic computer, not only gives the appropriate data and automatically draw the necessary drawings. The advantages of the tool design automation is obvious, can greatly reduce the workload of the design work, thus shortening the design time and speed up the production cycle, providing design calculation accuracy, the more important is to reduce the error, but also to design Technicians who are easy to model, standardize, and do not even need a high level of tool design knowledge will still get more satisfied design results. It can be seen from the above-mentioned situation that the CAD (Computer Aided Design) of the tools and the DA (Automatic Gear Designing) are the inevitable trends and the development direction. It is the most urgent task of the “four modernizations” of the tool industry. However, given the inadequacies of the external computer equipment in the country and the vast majority of the lack of automatic drawing instruments, the author proposes a method to expand the use of dumb images. Designers only need to give the original data of the tool design, the computer will automatically complete the calculation, look-up table and other design work, print out all the data, while marking the dumb figure, the designer in accordance with the figure removed pre-drying dumb figure , And fill in the corresponding calculation data, the design will be completed. The author is suitable for the characteristics of the computer as a starting point, systematically sorted out the gear cutter design formulas and related charts, data. At the same time draw a more general design process. The output of the typewriter characters limit the use of English instructions, the number of output sequence number and fill in the dumb figure corresponding data number consistent, so that people who do not understand English will be difficult to use. This issue of gear milling cutter design, due to the low accuracy requirements, in the DJS-130 small computer with BASIC language interpreter program, you can full of requirements. In addition, I wrote the gear shaper, shaving cutter and hob (including hob hob and non-involute special-shaped hob) and other design, will use the more common AlGol-60 language writing program for the future May be in the country’s provincial-level computer center to promote the use of tools designed to carry out the work of automation. Publication will be selected, as appropriate.