目的:研究上颌第一前磨牙的牙根数目和根管形态。方法:制备上颌第一前磨牙的透明牙标本,记录牙根数目,并在牙科手术显微镜下观察其根管形态。结果:共获得268个透明牙标本,其中单根牙201个(75.00%)、双根牙62个(23.13%)、三根牙5个(1.87%)。单根管、双根管和三根管的发生率分别为3.06%、83.58%和1.87%,其他类型根管发生率为1.49%。侧支根管发生率为25.00%,根尖孔大多位于牙根的侧方。结论:上颌第一前磨牙的形态从多到少依次是单根双根管、双根双根管、单根单根管和其他。 Objective: To study the root number and root canal morphology of maxillary first premolar. Methods: Transparent dental specimens of maxillary first premolar were prepared, the number of root was recorded, and the morphology of root canal was observed under dental operation microscope. Results: A total of 268 transparent dental specimens were obtained, of which 201 (75.00%) had single root, 62 (23.13%) double root and 5 (1.87%) three teeth. The incidence rates of single root canal, double root canal and three tubes were 3.06%, 83.58% and 1.87% respectively, while the incidence of other types of root canal was 1.49%. The incidence of lateral root canal 25.00%, apical foramen mostly in the lateral root. Conclusion: The morphology of the maxillary first premolar is single double root canal, double root double root canal, single root canal and others.