陈独秀很早就认识到文化选择与思想革命的重要与必要,这是他五四之前专注于青年知识分子思想改造运动的主要原因。由于厌弃与宪政精神相背离的党派运动,他倾心于无政党的大众自治型“国民政治”。五四后的中国社会现实使陈独秀的政党观念发生了转变。在政治参与的路径选择上,由倡导多数优秀国民直接行动的“国民运动”转而主张社会精英分子组建新式政党以改造政党而改造政治。自此,陈独秀以他所理解的马克思主义再度投身于社会改造的努力之中。 Chen Duxiu long ago recognized the importance and necessity of cultural choice and ideological revolution, which was the main reason that he concentrated on the ideological reform of young intellectuals before the May 4th Movement. Due to his rejection of the partisan movement that deviates from the constitutional spirit, he is deeply concerned with the mass self-government of “non-party” and “national politics.” The reality of Chinese society after May Fourth changed the concept of Chen Duxiu’s party. On the path of political participation, the “national movement”, which advocates direct action by the most outstanding nationals, has instead advocated that social elites should form new political parties to transform political parties and transform politics. Since then, Chen Duxiu once again devoted himself to the efforts of social reform with Marxism as he understood it.