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在明朝与蒙古封建主长期对峙的过程中,北方地区的风雪、冰雹、干旱、虫蝗等自然灾害对双方都有重大影响。草原地区游牧经济的脆弱性和不稳定性,决定了它抵御自然灾害的能力有限。一旦遭受自然灾害,必然要依赖内地经济的援助。蒙古封建主迫于生计,或南下掠夺,或主动要求与明互市,使明与蒙古的关系时而呈现出剑拔弩张的紧张局面,时而又出现缓和的重大转机。对明朝而言,自然灾害既是明边防御中的不利因素,又是羁縻蒙古的有利因素。
In the long confrontation between the Ming Dynasty and the feudal lords of Mongolia, natural disasters such as wind and snow, hail, drought and insect locust in the northern region have a significant impact on both sides. The fragility and instability of the nomadic economy in the grassland region have limited its ability to withstand natural disasters. In the event of a natural disaster, it will inevitably rely on the assistance of the mainland economy. As a result, the feudal monarchy in Mongolia, forced by its livelihoods or plundered southward, or voluntarily demanded that the Ming and Mongolian mutual exchanges bring about the tense tension between the Ming and Mongolia, and that there has been a major turnaround in ease. For the Ming dynasty, natural disasters were both unfavorable factors in the defense of Ming Pao and a favorable factor for Mongolia.