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探讨早期人类脑不对称性的主要研究材料是古人类颅内模,即从颅骨内表面得到的脑的外部形态.由于受研究材料和方法的限制,对脑不对称性的研究一般只局限在左右半球向前、向后突出的程度,或者对脑的前部、后部宽度的对比上.本文利用3D激光扫描技术,对距今40～80万年前的周口店直立人脑的不对称性进行了研究,通过与现代人颅内模对比,显示周口店直立人和现代人在左右半球的绝对脑量和表面积上都没有表现出明显的不对称性,然而在脑量和表面积构成的相对脑量上表现出明显差异:周口店直立人左右半球的相对脑量没有显著差异,个体间差异较大;现代人左半球的相对脑量明显大于右半球,个体间变异范围较小.提示在人类进化过程中脑的不对称性不是发生在左右半球的绝对脑量上,而是起源于相对脑量的变化,这种解剖结构的变化可能与脑一侧优势的演化过程相关.
The main research material to explore the early human brain asymmetry is the ancient human intracranial model, that is, the external morphology of the brain obtained from the inner surface of the skull.Because of the limitations of the research materials and methods, the study of brain asymmetry is generally limited to Left and right hemisphere forward and backward prominent extent, or on the brain front and back width of the contrast.This paper uses 3D laser scanning technology, from 40 to 800000 years ago Zhoukoudian upright human brain asymmetry Through comparing with the modern intracranial model, it shows that there is no obvious asymmetry in the absolute brain volume and surface area of the left and right hemisphere in Zhoukoudian Homo erectus and modern people. However, in the relative brain composed of brain volume and surface area There was a significant difference in the amount of: Zhoukoudian about the left and right hemispheres relative brain volume was no significant difference between individuals larger; the relative hemisphere in the right hemisphere is significantly greater than the right hemisphere, the smaller the range of variation between individuals. The process of asymmetry in the brain does not occur in the absolute volume of the left and right hemispheres, but originated in relative brain volume changes, this anatomical structure may change with the brain side of the dominant performance Process related.