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关于大理崇圣寺三塔中南、北小塔的倾斜原因一直有多种说法。在现场详细工程地质调查和室内试验基础上,结合区域地质与历史文献资料,对可能导致倾斜的地基不均匀性、地震作用进行研究后提出:由地基不均匀性形成的倾斜不应占主体,地震作用应是塔体出现倾斜的主要因素。地震导致的塔体顶部鞭梢效应非常明显,这与塔顶在历史上多次震坏事实相符;塔体下部压应力波动幅度大,但相对砖砌体强度来说有一定安全余地;而在高强度地震作用下,中部出现拉应力,对塔体结构破坏明显。而塔体下相对软弱的粉质黏土层在减缓地震波向上传播、减少塔体的动荷载作用上有明显效果。
There are many explanations for the tilt of the small towers in Central South and North of the Three Pagodas of Chongsheng Temple in Dali. Based on the detailed engineering geology survey and laboratory test in the field, combined with the regional geology and historical documents and data, the research on the foundation inhomogeneities and earthquakes that may lead to the inclination is made. After that, the main body should not be formed due to the inhomogeneity of the foundation, Earthquake should be the main factor in the tower body tilt. The whiplash effect at the top of the tower caused by the earthquake is very obvious, which is consistent with the fact that the top of the tower has been repeatedly devastated in history. The compressive stress in the lower part of the tower fluctuates greatly, but there is a certain margin of safety relative to the strength of the brickwork. Under the action of high-intensity earthquakes, the tensile stress appears in the middle part of the tower body, causing obvious damage to the tower body structure. However, the relatively weak silty clay layer under the tower body has a significant effect in slowing the upward propagation of seismic waves and reducing the dynamic load of the tower body.