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为了研究渗水地膜穴播栽培技术对夏播谷子产量的影响机制,测定并分析了谷子产量构成、干物质积累、植株农艺性状以及抽穗期功能叶光合性能等生理指标对产量的影响。结果表明:在全生育期不浇水、降雨量356 mm的情况下,渗水地膜穴播栽培较对照露地条播增产48.57%。渗水地膜穴播栽培在各生育时期的各器官干物质积累量高于对照,营养生长和生殖生长旺盛,表现为株高略高于对照,茎秆粗壮,穗子较大;抽穗期净光合速率、叶面积指数和主要功能叶片的叶面积高于对照,说明在产量形成的关键时期抽穗期个体和群体叶面积较大,有效光合面积增加,光合能力增强,有利于有机物质的合成,是增产的关键;在群体亩穗数和出谷率相当的基础上,个体产量要素单穗重、穗粒重显著提高,使产量大幅提高。渗水地膜穴播栽培水分利用效率和氮肥偏生产力均显著提高了45%以上。渗水地膜保水、保肥、抑制杂草生长,穴播既保证了群体顶土出苗,又减少了多余谷苗对水肥的浪费,因此,渗水地膜穴播栽培可提高水分和肥料的利用效率,进而提高了谷子的产量。
In order to study the mechanism of water-hole mulching planting technology on the yield of summer sowing millet, the effects of physiological indexes such as millet yield composition, dry matter accumulation, plant agronomic traits and functional leaf photosynthetic performance at heading stage were measured and analyzed. The results showed that in the whole growth period without watering and rainfall of 356 mm, the water-hole mulching cultivation increased yield by 48.57% compared with the control. The dry matter accumulation of organs in each period of water-hole mulching was higher than that of the control, and vegetative growth and reproductive growth were vigorous. The results showed that the plant height was slightly higher than that of the control, the stalks were stout and the ears were larger. The net photosynthetic rate at heading, Area index and leaf area of main functional leaves were higher than those of CK, indicating that in the key period of yield formation, individuals and groups at heading stage had larger leaf area, increased photosynthetic area, increased photosynthetic capacity, which was propitious to the synthesis of organic matter, which was the key to yield increase On the basis of the equivalent number of mu-spike and the valley-out rate of the population, the individual spike weight and spike weight of the individual yield components increased significantly, which led to a substantial increase of the yield. The water-use efficiency of water-hole mulching and sowing cultivation of nitrogen fertilizer were significantly increased by 45% or more. Water seepage membrane water, fertilizer, inhibiting the growth of weeds, hole sowing not only ensure the population of top soil emergence, but also reduce the waste of water and fertilizer to the waste of seedlings, therefore, seepage film mulching planting can increase water and fertilizer utilization efficiency, thereby increasing Production of millet.