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目的比较4种脂肪酸组成迥异的膳食油脂对高脂血症大鼠脂质代谢的影响,并初步探讨其作用机制。方法将OLETF大鼠28只分为4组,喂以AIN76基本配方饲料,基础油脂含量为8%,各组分别添加2%棕榈油、琉璃苣油、紫苏油和鱼油。4 w后,测定大鼠空腹血清甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、游离脂肪酸(NEFA)、葡萄糖浓度,肝脏TG、TC、磷脂(PL)浓度以及肝脏脂质代谢相关酶脂肪酸合成酶(FAS)、苹果酸酶(ME)、葡萄糖6磷酸脱氢酶(G6PDH)和肉碱棕榈酰转移酶(CPT-1,CPT-2)的mRNA表达。结果与棕榈油组比,琉璃苣油组血清中NEFA、TG含量显著降低(P<0.05),TC、HDL-C含量明显升高(P<0.05)。紫苏油组血清中NEFA、TG含量显著降低(P<0.05)。鱼油组与其它组相比,各项指标含量均显著降低(P<0.05)。琉璃苣油和紫苏油组可明显降低肝脏TG和TC浓度(P<0.05),鱼油组显著降低肝脏TG浓度(P<0.05),对TC浓度无明显影响。此外,琉璃苣油、紫苏油和鱼油组可显著抑制肝脏脂肪合成相关酶的mRNA表达(P<0.05),同时显著增加脂肪酸分解酶mRNA表达(P<0.05)。结论相比于棕榈油组,摄食琉璃苣油、紫苏油和鱼油可通过抑制肝脏脂肪酸合成和促进脂肪酸分解,降低高脂血症大鼠血清和肝脏脂肪水平。
Objective To compare the effects of four kinds of dietary oils with different fatty acid composition on lipid metabolism in hyperlipidemic rats and to explore its mechanism. Methods 28 OLETF rats were divided into 4 groups and fed with AIN76 basic formula with 8% of base oil, and 2% of palm oil, borage oil, perilla oil and fish oil were added into each group. After 4 weeks, fasting serum triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), free fatty acid (NEFA), glucose concentration, liver TG, TC, ), Hepatic lipid metabolism related enzyme fatty acid synthase (FAS), malic enzyme (ME), glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) and carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT-1, CPT-2) expression. Results Compared with palm oil group, the content of serum NEFA and TG in borage oil group was significantly decreased (P <0.05), while TC and HDL-C contents were significantly increased (P <0.05). Perilla oil group NEFA, TG content was significantly lower (P <0.05). Fish oil group compared with other groups, the indicators were significantly lower (P <0.05). Borage oil and perilla oil could significantly reduce the concentration of TG and TC in liver (P <0.05), and the concentration of TG in liver decreased significantly in fish oil group (P <0.05), but had no effect on TC concentration. In addition, borage oil, perilla oil and fish oil group could significantly inhibit hepatic lipase-related enzyme mRNA expression (P <0.05), while significantly increased fatty acid lyase mRNA expression (P <0.05). Conclusion Borage oil, perilla oil and fish oil can reduce serum and liver fat levels in hyperlipidemic rats by inhibiting the synthesis of fatty acids and promoting the fatty acid decomposition in comparison with the palm oil group.