应用文体与文学文体是写作学科中最有代表性的文体。它们面对的都是客观世界,是人类认识世界,反映生活的两种基本形式。它们运用的表达工具都是语言文字,但它们之间的差别也是十分明显的。因此领悟这两种文体在写作上的不同特点,对写好文章是至关重要的。 这里围绕文章构成的四要素——主题、材料、结构、语言等,阐述应用文体与文学文体的共性及不同特点,以便更好地掌握这两种文体。 一、主题 主题是指作者通过文章的全部材料和表现形式所表达出的基本思想。主题是文章的“灵魂”和“统帅”,在一篇文章中占据中心地位。一篇文章质量的高低、价值的大小,其决定因素在于主题是否正确、鲜明、深刻、集中。正确指确定的主题符合客观事物的本质和特征;鲜明指作者所要表现的基本观点十分明确、清楚、不模棱两可;深刻是指文章能揭示事物所包含的深刻的思想意义;集中指内容不枝不蔓,重点突出,紧紧围绕主题,把中心观点说深说 Applied style and literary style are the most representative style of writing. All they face are the objective world and the two basic forms of human understanding of the world and life. The tools of expression they use are both languages, but the differences between them are also obvious. Therefore, comprehending the different characteristics of the two genres in writing is crucial to writing the essay. Here the four elements of the composition of the article - theme, material, structure, language, etc., elaborate the commonalities and different characteristics of applied style and literary style in order to better grasp the two styles. First, the theme of the theme refers to the author through the full text of the material and expression of the basic ideas expressed. The theme is the “soul” and “commander” of the article, occupying a central place in an article. The quality of an article, the value of the size, the deciding factor is the theme is correct, clear, profound, focused. Correctly means that the subject of definiteness conforms to the essence and the characteristics of objective things; the sharpness means that the basic ideas to be expressed by the author are very clear, clear and not ambiguous; the profoundness means that the article can reveal the profound ideological significance contained in things; Man, focused, focus on the theme closely, the central point of view that deep