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渤海是一个中纬度的超浅海,每年都会产生不同程度的结冰现象,这给海上生产和作业带来了很大的威胁.而冰情的严重程度则由该年冬季的水文气象条件决定.本文应用1997年1月辽东湾冰调资料和锦州20—2平台的部分资料,比较详尽地研究了渤海冰期的基本水文气象参量,其中包括太阳短波辐射、长波辐射、风速和风向、湿度,海冰导热率和比热等.研究发现:(1)太阳短波辐射是影响渤海海面热量平衡的重要因子,是引起海面能量失衡的重要因子.应用Laevastu(1960)公式的简化形式可以基本满足计算渤海区域太阳短波辐射的需要,(2)根据观测,冰面上的大气相对湿度约为50%,而水面上的相对湿度约为90%;(3)风速和海面气温是引起海面热量失衡的另两个重要因子.气温越低,风速越大,海面损失的热量就越多,低温和大风是造成1997年1月期间海冰迅速发展的最直接原因;(4)海面长波辐射比较稳定,冬季时一般在100W/m~2左右,随气温和海面温度会有一些变化,但变化幅度一般小于30W/m~2.(5)由于海冰随存在时间的延长其盐度会逐渐减小,因此会对海冰的比热、导热率和凝结潜热等产生影响.在渤海,海冰的导热率和凝结潜热变化很小,可以看作是常量;而比热则变化较大,应引起足够的重视.
The Bohai Sea is a mid-latitude, super-shallow sea with varying degrees of icing every year, which poses a great threat to offshore production and operations, while the severity of ice conditions is determined by the hydrological and meteorological conditions in that winter. In this paper, some data of ice-conditioning in Liaodong Bay and Jinzhou 20-2 platform in January 1997 are used to study the basic hydro-meteorological parameters of the Bohai Sea glacial period in more detail, including shortwave solar radiation, longwave radiation, wind speed and wind direction, humidity, sea Ice thermal conductivity and specific heat etc. The results show that: (1) Short-wave solar radiation is an important factor affecting the thermal balance of the sea surface in the Bohai Sea and an important factor causing the energy imbalance in the sea surface. Using the simplified form of Laevastu’s (1960) formula, (2) According to the observation, the relative humidity of the air on the ice is about 50%, while the relative humidity on the water is about 90%; (3) The wind speed and sea surface temperature are the thermal unbalances that cause the sea surface heat. Two important factors: the lower the temperature, the greater the wind speed, the more heat loss on the sea surface, and the lower temperature and strong winds are the most direct reasons for the rapid development of sea ice in January 1997; (4) The radiation is relatively stable, generally about 100W / m ~ 2 in winter, with the temperature and sea surface temperature will have some changes, but the variation range is generally less than 30W / m ~ 2. (5) Because of the extension of the sea ice salinities Will gradually decrease, which will have an impact on the specific heat of sea ice, thermal conductivity and latent heat of condensation, etc. In the Bohai Sea, the thermal conductivity and latent heat of condensation of sea ice vary little, which can be regarded as constant; Large, should cause enough attention.