渐进结构优化法（Ｅｖｏｌｕｔｉｏｎａｒｙ　Ｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒａｌ　Ｏｐｔｉｍｉｚａｔｉｏｎ，简称ＥＳＯ）是近年来兴起的一种解决各类结构优化问题的数值方法。它是基于这样一个简单概念：通过将结构中无效或低效的材料一步步去掉，剩下的结构将逐渐趋于优化。ＥＳＯ的特点在于简单，通用，优化的结构可为桁架，刚架，板壳或三维连续体，优化的约束条件包括应力，刚度，位移，频率及临界压力。本文阐述渐进结构优化法的基本原理和具体步骤，并以一系列算例演示该法的计算机实施过程，文章最后介绍了ＥＳＯ的最新进展。 Evolutionary Structural Optimization (ESO) is a numerical method that has arisen in recent years to solve various structural optimization problems. It is based on the simple concept that the rest of the structure will gradually be optimized by taking a step-by-step removal of inefficient or inefficient materials in the structure. ESO features a simple, versatile, optimized structure that can be truss, rigid frame, shell, or three-dimensional continuum with optimized constraints including stress, stiffness, displacement, frequency, and critical pressure. This article describes the basic principles and specific steps of the incremental structure optimization method, and demonstrates the implementation of the computer with a series of examples. Finally, the article introduces the latest progress of ESO.