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近代爱国主义的内涵是什么？古代爱国主义与近代爱国主义的内在联系和本质区别又是什么？近代爱国主义发展轨迹中有无层次的变化？对这些问题的探讨有助于理解洋务思潮的爱国主义蕴义，反过来，对洋务思潮爱国主义蕴义的探讨也便于对上述问题的深入研究和理论升华。拙文《论洋
What is the connotation of modern patriotism? What is the intrinsic relationship and essential difference between ancient patriotism and modern patriotism? Is there any change in the track of patriotism in modern times? The discussion of these questions helps to understand the patriotism of the Westernization trend of thought. On the other hand, the discussion of the patriotism of the Westernization Movement also facilitates in-depth study and theoretical distillation of the above issues. Zhuo Wen "on the ocean