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土地资源质量的高低,最终体现在土壤的生产能力上,而生产能力的高低,主要取决于土壤不断供给植物生长所需的水-肥-气-热的能力,即土壤肥力。国内外对新垦贫瘠土壤的培肥熟化研究已较为全面,取得很多有特色的研究成果。针对伊犁河流域新垦贫瘠土壤的快速培肥,应以当地农业生产结构为指导,发展农区畜牧业,搞好农区内部农、林、牧之间的结构调整,实行农牧结合;增施有机肥料,推广秸秆还田技术,节能增效,实现粮多(草多)-畜多-肥多-粮多(草多)的良性循环;推广草田轮作、麦棉轮作和间套作栽培技术,增加黄豆、绿肥等作物茬口,满足作物吸收利用营养元素即不同而又具有互补的作用,使作物能均衡地利用土壤养分,充分发挥土壤的生产潜力;重视推广平衡施肥技术,提高化肥利用率。在采取平衡施肥、作物推荐施肥的基础上,兼顾“种养结合、农牧结合”的种植模式,达到既能快速培肥土壤,同时又能快速增产增效。
The quality of land resources is ultimately reflected in the productive capacity of the soil, which depends mainly on the ability of the soil to continually supply the water, fertilizer, air and heat required for plant growth, namely soil fertility. At home and abroad, the research on fertilization and maturation of newly reclaimed poor soil has been more comprehensive and has made many distinctive research results. For the rapid fertilization of newly reclaimed poor soil in Yili River Basin, we should follow the guidance of local agricultural production structure to develop livestock husbandry in farming areas, improve the structural adjustment of farming, forestry and animal husbandry in the rural areas and implement the combination of agriculture and animal husbandry. Organic fertilizers, promotion of straw-returning technology, energy-saving and efficiency improvement, realizing a virtuous circle of more grain, more livestock, more fertilizer, more grain and more grass; promoting the cultivation techniques of grass field rotation, wheat rotation and intercropping , Increase crop stubble such as soybean, green manure and so on, to meet the nutrient absorption and utilization of crops that is different but also has a complementary role, so that crops can balance the use of soil nutrients, give full play to the productive potential of the soil; emphasis on the promotion of balanced fertilization technology, improve fertilizer utilization . On the basis of balanced fertilization and crop-recommended fertilization, taking into account the cultivation mode of “planting and raising, combining agriculture and animal husbandry”, we can not only rapidly fertilize the soil but also increase the yield and efficiency at the same time.