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依托黄潮土35年长期定位试验,以2种土壤物理肥力指标、8种土壤化学肥力指标和5种土壤生物肥力指标进行主成分分析,最后将各主成分得分系统进行聚类分析.结果表明:不同施肥方式对土壤肥力指标影响显著.施用有机肥处理(M、MN、MNP、MNPK)与NPK处理相比,土壤容重显著降低,而土壤孔隙度、有机质、全氮、碱解氮、全磷、有效磷、微生物生物量和过氧化氢酶、脲酶、碱性磷酸酶活性均显著增加;通过主成分分析可将原15个土壤指标降维,提取出2个主成分,反映了原信息量的85.5%,且无原变量丢失.土壤容重、孔隙度、有机质、全氮、碱解氮、全磷、有效磷、速效钾、微生物生物量、过氧化氢酶、脲酶、碱性磷酸酶、蔗糖酶活性在第1主成分上有较高因子负荷,全钾和p H在第2主成分上有较高因子负荷;以2个主成分得分为新指标进行聚类,得到长期不同施肥方式对黄潮土的培肥效果排序为MNPK>MNP>M、MN>NPK>N、NP>CK.可见施用有机肥对黄潮土培肥效果更显著,以有机肥配施氮磷钾化肥方式效果最优.
Based on the 35-year long-term experiment of Huang Chao soil, the principal component analysis was conducted with two soil physical fertility indicators, eight soil chemical fertility indicators and five soil biological fertility indicators. Finally, the principal component score system was clustered and analyzed. The results showed that: Compared with NPK treatment, soil bulk density decreased significantly while organic manure, total nitrogen, available nitrogen, total phosphorus, total phosphorus, Available phosphorus, microbial biomass and catalase, urease, alkaline phosphatase activities were significantly increased by principal component analysis of the original 15 soil dimension reduction, extracted two principal components, reflecting the amount of the original information 85.5% without any loss of original variables Soil bulk density, porosity, organic matter, total nitrogen, available nitrogen, total phosphorus, available phosphorus, available potassium, microbial biomass, catalase, urease, alkaline phosphatase, sucrose Enzyme activity had a higher factor load on the first principal component, and total potassium and p H had a higher factor load on the second principal component. Two new principal component scores were clustered to obtain long-term different fertilization methods Yellow tide The order of fertilizing effect of soil was MNPK> MNP> M, MN> NPK> N, NP> CK. It can be seen that the application of organic manure had more significant effect on the fertility improvement of the yellow soil.