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传染性疾病往往具有较大的传染性,易于大面积流行,且难以控制,严重危害人们生命健康,快速准确的筛查成为预防及控制其传播的重要手段之一。Micro RNA(mi RNA)是一类长度仅有约22nt的非编码单链微小RNA,广泛存在于动植物真核细胞中,主要通过与靶m RNA分子的3’端非编码区域(3’-untranslated region,3’UTR)完全或不完全互补配对,调控该m RNA分子的表达或转录后翻译;在细胞生长、发育、凋亡,肿瘤形成,病毒感染等多种生理病理过程中起重要作用。在病毒感染时,mi RNA调控病毒与宿主之间的相互作用,影响病毒感染的进程与结局;感兴趣的是,mi RNA其自身的表达对病毒感染具有一定的特异性。因此,mi RNA有望成为筛查病毒传染性疾病的临床标志物,目前已成为一热点研究领域。本文主要从循环体液中mi RNA的稳定性,mi RNA在病毒感染中的特异性表达,以及mi RNA检测技术方面做简要综述,并对mi RNA作为传染病一种新型检测标志物的可行性进行了初步的分析。
Infectious diseases are often contagious, prone to widespread epidemics, and are difficult to control and seriously endanger the lives of people. Rapid and accurate screening becomes an important means of preventing and controlling their spread. MicroRNAs (mi RNAs) are a group of non-coding single-stranded microRNAs of about 22nt in length. They are widely found in animal and plant eukaryotes mainly by interacting with the 3 ’non-coding region of the target m RNA molecule (3’- untranslated region, 3’UTR) completely or incompletely complement and regulate the expression of m RNA or posttranscriptional translation; play an important role in many physiological and pathological processes such as cell growth, development, apoptosis, tumorigenesis and virus infection . In the case of viral infection, miRNA regulates the interaction between the virus and the host and affects the course and outcome of the viral infection; it is interesting that mi RNA has its own expression of a certain specificity for viral infection. Therefore, miRNA is expected to become a clinical marker for screening for viral infectious diseases and has now become a hot research field. This article mainly reviews the stability of mi RNAs in circulating body fluids, the specific expression of miRNAs in viral infections, and the miRNA detection technology. The feasibility of using mi RNAs as a novel detection marker for infectious diseases A preliminary analysis.